Kim Tae Hyong, Johnstone Jennie, Loeb Mark
Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2011 Sep;43(9):683-9. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2011.582247. Epub 2011 May 23.
Vaccination ideally protects susceptible populations at high risk for complications of the infection. However, vaccines for these subgroups do not always provide sufficient effectiveness. The herd effect or herd immunity is an attractive way to extend vaccine benefits beyond the directly targeted population. It refers to the indirect protection of unvaccinated persons, whereby an increase in the prevalence of immunity by the vaccine prevents circulation of infectious agents in susceptible populations. The herd effect has had a major impact in the eradication of smallpox, has reduced transmission of pertussis, and protects against influenza and pneumococcal disease. A high uptake of vaccines is generally needed for success. In this paper we aim to provide an update review on the herd effect, focusing on the clinical benefit, by reviewing data for specific vaccines.
理想情况下，接种疫苗可保护易感染人群免受感染并发症的高风险影响。然而，针对这些亚组人群的疫苗并不总是能提供足够的有效性。群体效应或群体免疫是一种有吸引力的方式，可将疫苗益处扩展到直接目标人群之外。它指的是对未接种疫苗者的间接保护，即通过疫苗提高免疫流行率可防止传染病原体在易感人群中传播。群体效应在天花根除中发挥了重大作用，减少了百日咳的传播，并预防了流感和肺炎球菌疾病。通常需要高疫苗接种率才能取得成功。在本文中，我们旨在通过回顾特定疫苗的数据，对群体效应进行更新综述，重点关注其临床益处。
