Biofunctionality, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Science, CDD-Center for Diet and Disease, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 5, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Int J Med Microbiol. 2010 Jan;300(1):63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.08.006. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
It is current knowledge that the intestinal microbiota plays a major role in the development and maintenance of intestinal health. Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) constitute the interface between the gut lumen and the innate and adaptive immune system. To maintain intestinal homeostasis, the organized and diffuse compartments of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue have to process the continuously varying information at the interface between the luminal side and the host. Dysregulated intestinal immune responses towards commensal bacteria are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In contrast to the colitogenic effects of enteric bacteria, clinical and experimental studies showed that specific probiotic strains are protective in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation. Although the molecular understanding of bacteria-host interaction is improving, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms induced by these probiotic bacteria are just starting to be unraveled. The present review is meant to summarize and discuss the clinical relevance of probiotics, but it also seeks to give an overview about currently known probiotic mechanisms in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation with a focus on IEC.
目前已知，肠道微生物群在肠道健康的发展和维持中起着主要作用。肠道上皮细胞（IEC）构成了肠腔与先天和适应性免疫系统之间的界面。为了维持肠道内环境稳态，肠道相关淋巴组织的有组织和弥散区室必须处理在腔侧和宿主之间界面处不断变化的信息。针对共生菌的失调肠道免疫反应是炎症性肠病（IBD）发病机制中的一个重要因素。与肠道细菌的结肠炎发生效应相反，临床和实验研究表明，特定的益生菌菌株在慢性肠道炎症的情况下具有保护作用。尽管对细菌-宿主相互作用的分子理解正在提高，但这些益生菌诱导的抗炎机制才刚刚开始被揭示。本综述旨在总结和讨论益生菌的临床相关性，但它也旨在概述目前在慢性肠道炎症背景下已知的益生菌机制，重点是 IEC。
