College of Education and Sociology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Public Health Manag Pract. 2009 Nov;15(6 Suppl):S102-6. doi: 10.1097/PHH.0b013e3181be0031.
It is often assumed that career formation begins early in the life course, typically crystallizing in adolescence. However, recent research shows that for many adolescents this is a period of ambiguous identity development and career choices that continue well into young adulthood. Providing adolescents with a realistic assessment of their talents and skills and exposing them to a variety of occupations can ease the transition process from school to work. Efforts to encourage career interests in an occupational field such as public health should begin early in the educational process and becoming more formalized in high school. Adolescents should have opportunities to learn about the range of public health jobs, the educational requirements for different careers, and the actual work experiences such jobs entail well in advance of the college search process. Relying on findings from the Alfred P. Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development, a national longitudinal study of more than 1 000 adolescents, this article describes how educators and families can influence career development. (Access to the Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development data can be found on the ICPSR Web site.).
人们通常认为职业形成始于人生早期，通常在青春期就已定型。然而，最近的研究表明，对于许多青少年来说，这是一个身份发展和职业选择模糊的时期，这种情况会持续到青年期。为青少年提供对自身才能和技能的现实评估，并让他们接触各种职业，可以缓解从学校到工作的过渡过程。在教育过程中尽早开始鼓励对公共卫生等职业领域的职业兴趣，并在高中阶段使其更加正式化。青少年应该有机会了解公共卫生工作的范围、不同职业的教育要求以及这些工作所需要的实际工作经验，而这些都应该在大学搜索过程之前很久就进行。本文参考了青年与社会发展阿尔弗雷德·P·斯隆研究（Alfred P. Sloan Study of Youth and Social Development）的调查结果，这是一项针对 1000 多名青少年的全国性纵向研究，描述了教育工作者和家庭如何影响职业发展。（可在 ICPSR 网站上访问青年与社会发展斯隆研究的数据。）。
