Gormley Melinda
Department of History, Oregon State University, 306 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-5104, USA.
J Hist Biol. 2009 Spring;42(1):33-72. doi: 10.1007/s10739-008-9170-z.
During the 1920s and 1930s geneticist L.C. Dunn of Columbia University cautioned Americans against endorsing eugenic policies and called attention to eugenicists' less than rigorous practices. Then, from the mid-1940s to early 1950s he attacked scientific racism and Nazi Rassenhygiene by co-authoring Heredity, Race and Society with Theodosius Dobzhansky and collaborating with members of UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) on their international campaign against racism. Even though shaking the foundations of scientific discrimination was Dunn's primary concern during the interwar and post-World War II years, his campaigns had ancillary consequences for the discipline. He contributed to the professionalization of genetics during the 1920s and 1930s and sought respectability for human genetics in the 1940s and 1950s. My article aims to elucidate the activist scientist's role in undermining scientific discrimination by exploring aspects of Dunn's scientific work and political activism from the 1920s to 1950s. Definitions are provided for scientific discrimination and activist scientist.
在20世纪20年代和30年代，哥伦比亚大学的遗传学家L.C. 邓恩告诫美国人不要支持优生政策，并提请人们注意优生学家不够严谨的做法。然后，从20世纪40年代中期到50年代初，他与西奥多修斯·多布赞斯基合著了《遗传、种族与社会》，并与联合国教科文组织（联合国教育、科学及文化组织）的成员合作开展反对种族主义的国际运动，从而抨击了科学种族主义和纳粹种族卫生学。尽管在两次世界大战之间以及二战后的岁月里，动摇科学歧视的根基是邓恩主要关心的事情，但他的运动对这一学科也产生了附带影响。在20世纪20年代和30年代，他推动了遗传学的专业化，并在20世纪40年代和50年代为人类遗传学争取到了应有的地位。我的文章旨在通过探讨邓恩在20世纪20年代到50年代的科学工作和政治活动的各个方面，阐明这位积极行动的科学家在削弱科学歧视方面所起的作用。文中给出了科学歧视和积极行动的科学家的定义。
