Fitzgerald Kevin T
VCA Alameda East Veterinary Hospital, Denver, CO 80247, USA.
Top Companion Anim Med. 2010 Nov;25(4):213-7. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006.
Lilies are commonly kept flowering ornamental plants that are used in holiday celebrations, weddings, and funerals, and in various floral arrangements. Lilies of genera Lilium and Hemerocallis (day lilies) have been shown to cause nephrotoxicity in cats. Confusion arises because so many different plants are called lilies. Members of the genus Convallaria (lily of the valley), while sparing on the kidneys, elicit toxic effects because they possess potent cardiac glycosides similar to digitalis. Even more confusing as to which lilies are toxic is the fact that many hybrids exist. The majority of the public do not know that lilies can be dangerous to cats and, in fact, cannot correctly identify the plants in their own homes. Cats have been shown to be extremely sensitive to the toxic effects of lilies. As little as 2 leaves or part of a single flower have resulted in deaths. It should be pointed out that the whole plant-petals, stamen, leaves, and pollen are toxic. The exact toxic dose and the precise toxins responsible for renal damage are currently unknown. The quick onset of clinical signs suggests a rapid absorption rate of the toxin. The renal tubular epithelium appears to be the target of the toxin. Studies indicate that it is the water-soluble fraction of the lily that is nephrotoxic. In cats, clinical signs of lily intoxication include salivation, vomiting, anorexia, and depression. Polyuric renal failure leads to dehydration and anuric renal failure and death results. No analytic verification of lily ingestion is currently available. Successful treatment includes initiation of fluid diuresis before the onset of anuric renal failure. Once anuria develops, peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis is the only potential treatment. Differential diagnoses of lily poisoning include any potential cause of acute renal failure in a cat. Prognosis is excellent if fluid diuresis is started before anuric renal failure has developed. The public must be made aware of potentially toxic ornamental house plants.
百合是常见的开花观赏植物，用于节日庆典、婚礼和葬礼以及各种花卉布置中。百合属和萱草属（黄花菜）的百合已被证明会对猫造成肾毒性。由于有如此多不同的植物都被称为百合，这就产生了混淆。铃兰属植物（铃兰）虽然对肾脏影响较小，但因其含有与洋地黄类似的强心苷而会产生毒性作用。关于哪些百合有毒更令人困惑的是存在许多杂交品种这一事实。大多数公众不知道百合对猫可能是危险的，实际上，他们无法正确识别自家的植物。事实证明，猫对百合的毒性作用极其敏感。少至两片叶子或一朵花的一部分就能导致死亡。应该指出的是，整株植物——花瓣、雄蕊、叶子和花粉都是有毒的。目前尚不清楚确切的中毒剂量以及导致肾损伤的确切毒素。临床症状的迅速出现表明毒素的吸收速度很快。肾小管上皮似乎是毒素的靶标。研究表明，百合的水溶性部分具有肾毒性。在猫身上，百合中毒的临床症状包括流涎、呕吐、厌食和抑郁。多尿性肾衰竭会导致脱水，继而发展为无尿性肾衰竭并导致死亡。目前尚无对百合摄入情况的分析验证方法。成功的治疗包括在无尿性肾衰竭发作前开始进行液体利尿。一旦出现无尿，腹膜透析或血液透析是唯一可能的治疗方法。百合中毒的鉴别诊断包括猫急性肾衰竭的任何潜在病因。如果在无尿性肾衰竭发展之前开始进行液体利尿，预后良好。必须让公众意识到具有潜在毒性的观赏室内植物。
