Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Gyrhofstr. 15, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Dec;12(6):670-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.09.005. Epub 2009 Oct 15.
Endosomes are hubs of endomembrane trafficking. They integrate vesicular traffic from different sources such as the plasma membrane or the Golgi apparatus and sort cargo to different destinations such as the vacuole, the plasma membrane or back to the Golgi apparatus. As endomembrane trafficking is largely via transport vesicles, endosomes employ different adaptor proteins and coats to accommodate their multiple functions. Retromer and ESCRT are coat/adapter combinations that are crucial for endosomal trafficking pathways. Retromer mediates recycling of sorting receptors back to the Golgi apparatus, ESCRT is needed for sorting of transmembrane cargo to the vacuole. While both are well-studied in yeast and animals, knowledge about their plant counterparts is still scarce. However, in recent years the mechanisms, targets and plant-specific functions of ESCRT and retromer have started to attract the interest of plant cell biologists also.
内体是内质网运输的枢纽。它们整合来自不同来源的囊泡运输，如质膜或高尔基体，并将货物分拣到不同的目的地，如液泡、质膜或返回高尔基体。由于内质网运输主要通过运输囊泡进行，内体需要不同的衔接蛋白和衣被来适应其多种功能。Retromer 和 ESCRT 是对囊泡运输途径至关重要的衣被/衔接蛋白复合物。Retromer 介导分拣受体回收到高尔基体，ESCRT 用于跨膜货物分拣到液泡。虽然在酵母和动物中这两者都有深入的研究，但关于它们在植物中的对应物的知识仍然很少。然而，近年来，ESCRT 和 retromer 的机制、靶标和植物特异性功能开始引起植物细胞生物学家的兴趣。
