University of Liege, Belgium.
Ergonomics. 2009 Nov;52(11):1342-9. doi: 10.1080/00140130903137277.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images on time performance and time estimation during a surgical motor task. A total of 60 subjects without any surgical experience (nurses) and 20 expert surgeons performed a fine surgical task with a new laparoscopic technology (da Vinci robotic system). The 80 subjects were divided into two groups, one using 3D view option and the other using 2D view option. We measured time performance and asked subjects to verbally estimate their time performance. Our results showed faster performance in 3D than in 2D view for novice subjects while the performance in 2D and 3D was similar in the expert group. We obtained a significant interaction between time performance and time evaluation: in 2D condition, all subjects accurately estimated their time performance while they overestimated it in the 3D condition. Our results emphasise the role of 3D in improving performance and the contradictory feeling about time evaluation in 2D and 3D. This finding is discussed in regard with the retrospective paradigm and suggests that 2D and 3D images are differently processed and memorised.
本研究旨在评估二维（2D）和三维（3D）图像对手术运动任务中时间表现和时间估计的影响。共有 60 名没有任何手术经验的受试者（护士）和 20 名专家外科医生使用新的腹腔镜技术（达芬奇机器人系统）进行精细的手术任务。80 名受试者被分为两组，一组使用 3D 视图选项，另一组使用 2D 视图选项。我们测量了时间表现，并要求受试者口头估计他们的时间表现。我们的结果表明，对于新手受试者来说，3D 视图的表现速度比 2D 视图快，而在专家组中，2D 和 3D 的表现相似。我们观察到时间表现和时间评估之间存在显著的交互作用：在 2D 条件下，所有受试者都准确地估计了他们的时间表现，而在 3D 条件下，他们则高估了自己的时间表现。我们的研究结果强调了 3D 在提高表现方面的作用，以及在 2D 和 3D 条件下对时间评估的矛盾感觉。这一发现与回溯范式有关，并表明 2D 和 3D 图像的处理和记忆方式不同。
