Silvestri Michele, Simi Massimiliano, Cavallotti Carmela, Vatteroni Monica, Ferrari Vincenzo, Freschi Cinzia, Valdastri Pietro, Menciassi Arianna, Dario Paolo
The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Italy.
Surg Innov. 2011 Sep;18(3):223-30. doi: 10.1177/1553350611411491. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
In the near future, it is likely that 3-dimensional (3D) surgical endoscopes will replace current 2D imaging systems given the rapid spreading of stereoscopy in the consumer market. In this evaluation study, an emerging technology, the autostereoscopic monitor, is compared with the visualization systems mainly used in laparoscopic surgery: a binocular visor, technically equivalent from the viewer's point of view to the da Vinci 3D console, and a standard 2D monitor. A total of 16 physicians with no experience in 3D interfaces performed 5 different tasks, and the execution time and accuracy of the tasks were evaluated. Moreover, subjective preferences were recorded to qualitatively evaluate the different technologies at the end of each trial. This study demonstrated that the autostereoscopic display is equally effective as the binocular visor for both low- and high-complexity tasks and that it guarantees better performance in terms of execution time than the standard 2D monitor. Moreover, an unconventional task, included to provide the same conditions to the surgeons regardless of their experience, was performed 22% faster when using the autostereoscopic monitor than the binocular visor. However, the final questionnaires demonstrated that 60% of participants preferred the user-friendliness of the binocular visor. These results are greatly heartening because autostereoscopic technology is still in its early stages and offers potential improvement. As a consequence, the authors expect that the increasing interest in autostereoscopy could improve its friendliness in the future and allow the technology to be widely accepted in surgery.
在不久的将来，鉴于立体视觉在消费市场的迅速普及，三维（3D）手术内窥镜很可能会取代现有的二维成像系统。在这项评估研究中，一种新兴技术——自动立体显示器，与腹腔镜手术中主要使用的可视化系统进行了比较：一种双目面罩，从观察者的角度来看，在技术上等同于达芬奇3D控制台，以及一台标准的二维显示器。共有16名没有3D界面经验的医生执行了5项不同的任务，并对任务的执行时间和准确性进行了评估。此外，在每次试验结束时记录主观偏好，以定性评估不同的技术。这项研究表明，对于低复杂度和高复杂度任务，自动立体显示器与双目面罩同样有效，并且在执行时间方面比标准二维显示器保证了更好的性能。此外，为了给外科医生提供相同的条件而不考虑他们的经验，设置了一项非常规任务，使用自动立体显示器执行该任务的速度比使用双目面罩快22%。然而，最终的问卷调查显示，60%的参与者更喜欢双目面罩的用户友好性。这些结果非常鼓舞人心，因为自动立体技术仍处于早期阶段，并且具有潜在的改进空间。因此，作者预计，对自动立体视觉日益增长的兴趣可能会在未来提高其友好性，并使该技术在手术中得到广泛接受。
