Kudrinskaja sq. 1-155, Moscow 123242, Russia.
Acta Biomater. 2010 Mar;6(3):715-34. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.10.031. Epub 2009 Oct 25.
Recent developments in biomineralization have already demonstrated that nanosized crystals and particles play an important role in the formation of hard tissues of animals. Namely, it is well established that the basic inorganic building blocks of bones and teeth of mammals are nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates in the form of apatites. In mammals, tens to hundreds nanocrystals of a biological apatite have been found to be combined into self-assembled structures under the control of bioorganic matrixes. Therefore, application and prospective use of the nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates for a clinical repair of damaged bones and teeth are also well known. For example, greater viability and better proliferation of various types of cells have been detected on smaller crystals of calcium orthophosphates. Thus, the nanosized and nanocrystalline forms of calcium orthophosphates have great potential to revolutionize the hard tissue-engineering field, starting from bone repair and augmentation to controlled drug delivery systems. This paper reviews the current state of art and recent developments of various nanosized and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates, starting from synthesis and characterization to biomedical and clinical applications. The review also provides possible directions for future research and development.
生物矿化的最新进展已经表明，纳米大小的晶体和颗粒在动物硬组织的形成中起着重要作用。众所周知，哺乳动物的骨骼和牙齿的基本无机建筑块是以磷灰石形式存在的纳米级和纳米晶的正磷酸钙。在哺乳动物中，已经发现数以百计的生物磷灰石纳米晶在生物有机基质的控制下结合成自组装结构。因此，纳米级和纳米晶的正磷酸钙在临床上用于修复受损的骨骼和牙齿的应用和预期用途也是众所周知的。例如，在较小的正磷酸钙晶体上检测到各种类型的细胞具有更高的存活率和更好的增殖能力。因此，纳米级和纳米晶的正磷酸钙具有巨大的潜力来彻底改变硬组织工程领域，从骨修复和增强到控制药物输送系统。本文综述了从合成与表征到生物医学和临床应用等各个方面的纳米级和纳米晶的正磷酸钙的最新研究进展和现状。本文还为未来的研究和发展提供了可能的方向。
