Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2010 Mar 1;47(2):247-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00926.x. Epub 2009 Oct 26.
Anxiety is characterized by cognitive biases, including attentional bias to emotional (especially threatening) stimuli. Accounts differ on the time course of attention to threat, but the literature generally confounds emotional valence and arousal and overlooks gender effects, both addressed in the present study. Nonpatients high in self-reported anxious apprehension, anxious arousal, or neither completed an emotion-word Stroop task during event-related potential (ERP) recording. Hypotheses differentiated time course of preferential attention to emotional stimuli. Individuals high in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal showed distinct early ERP evidence of preferential processing of emotionally arousing stimuli along with some evidence for gender differences in processing. Healthy controls showed gender differences at both early and later processing stages. The conjunction of valence, arousal, and gender is critical in the time course of attentional bias.
焦虑的特点是认知偏差，包括对情绪（尤其是威胁性）刺激的注意力偏差。关于注意力对威胁的时间进程，各种解释并不相同，但文献通常混淆了情绪效价和唤醒，并且忽视了性别效应，本研究对此均加以考虑。在事件相关电位（ERP）记录期间，自我报告的焦虑预期、焦虑唤醒程度较高的非患者或两者均未完成情绪词斯特鲁普任务。假设对情绪刺激的优先注意的时间进程进行区分。焦虑预期和焦虑唤醒程度较高的个体在对情绪唤起刺激进行优先处理方面，表现出明显的早期 ERP 证据，同时也表现出处理方面的一些性别差异。健康对照组在早期和晚期处理阶段均表现出性别差异。注意力偏差的时间进程中，效价、唤醒和性别是关键。
