Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y.
J Exp Med. 1930 Feb 28;51(3):379-94. doi: 10.1084/jem.51.3.379.
Brilliant vital red injected into the blood stream of dogs is slowly taken up by phagocytes in various parts of the body, but eventually an equilibrium is established, after which the concentration as measured in the plasma remains almost constant for long intervals of time. This equilibrium can be disturbed by injecting more dye, and in this case the phagocytes resume ingestive activity, apparently with normal or nearly normal vigor. This activity continued until a rather large part of the newly injected dye has been removed, and as the reaction again slows up we note that both plasma and tissues contain more dye than before. It is difficult to be certain that the distribution ratio of dye between plasma and tissues remains unaltered with dosage, but evidence indicates that for non toxic doses, at least, this is approximately true. This study of this partition ratio is complicated by the fact that the liver slowly excretes dye into the bile, and this helps to reduce the amount of dye in the body. Partial correction for this factor can be made by ascertaining the dye output in bile fistula dogs. These latter studies show that dye elimination into bile is relatively less efficient when large doses of dye are given to the animal than with smaller dosage. This undue retention of dye in the body with large dosage helps to maintain the dye concentration in the plasma at unduly high levels. These peculiarities in liver excretion have an important bearing on liver physiology in general, and in addition they also have an important application in connection with the theory of "blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system." It is now obvious that prolonged retention of dye in the blood stream does not of itself prove that this group of phagocytic cells is "blocked" against the entrance of foreign material. Altered excretion by liver, kidney, etc. must be ruled out before we can accept such data as evidence of "blockade."
鲜艳的生命红色注入狗的血流中，被身体各部位的吞噬细胞缓慢吸收，但最终会达到平衡，此后，在很长一段时间内，血浆中的浓度几乎保持不变。这种平衡可以通过注入更多的染料来打破，在这种情况下，吞噬细胞恢复摄取活动，显然具有正常或几乎正常的活力。这种活动会持续到相当一部分新注入的染料被清除，当反应再次减缓时，我们注意到血浆和组织中的染料含量都比以前多。很难确定染料在血浆和组织之间的分配比例随剂量变化而保持不变，但有证据表明，至少对于非毒性剂量，这是近似正确的。这种对分配比例的研究由于肝脏会缓慢地将染料排泄到胆汁中而变得复杂，这有助于减少体内染料的含量。通过确定胆汁瘘管狗的染料输出量，可以对这个因素进行部分修正。这些后续研究表明，当给动物大剂量染料时，染料排入胆汁中的效率相对较低，而给动物小剂量染料时则相对较高。这种大剂量染料在体内的过度保留有助于维持血浆中染料浓度处于过高水平。这些肝脏排泄的特殊性对一般的肝脏生理学有重要影响，此外，它们在与“网状内皮系统阻断”理论相关的应用中也有重要意义。现在很明显，染料在血液中的长时间保留本身并不能证明这群吞噬细胞对异物的“阻断”。在我们接受此类数据作为“阻断”证据之前，必须排除肝脏、肾脏等的改变排泄。
