Kane John M, Garcia-Ribera Carlos
Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263 Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA.
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2009 Nov;52:S63-7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.195.52.s63.
Long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotic drugs were developed over 40 years ago in an attempt to improve the long-term treatment of schizophrenia.
To review existing guidelines concerning antipsychotic use generally, and LAIs in particular, and how patients might be identified as potential candidates for LAI treatment.
Literature review.
Currently several first-generation and one second-generation antipsychotic LAIs are available, with others under development. Although the use of LAIs is widespread around the world, patterns of use vary widely. Important considerations regarding the use of LAIs include the indications for long-term pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia in general, the indications for LAIs, the risks associated with LAIs, the need to update guidelines and the issue of cost.
The use of these injections in first-episode psychosis and treatment-refractory schizophrenia is not currently a focus of recommendations, but should be considered. Long-acting injections remain an underutilised option in many countries despite frequent non-adherence with oral medication and subsequent relapse.
抗精神病药物长效注射剂（LAIs）于40多年前研发出来，旨在改善精神分裂症的长期治疗。
综述有关抗精神病药物使用的现有指南，特别是长效注射剂，以及如何识别可能适合长效注射剂治疗的患者。
文献综述。
目前有几种第一代和一种第二代抗精神病长效注射剂可供使用，还有其他几种正在研发中。尽管长效注射剂在全球广泛使用，但使用模式差异很大。使用长效注射剂的重要考虑因素包括精神分裂症长期药物治疗的一般适应症、长效注射剂的适应症、与长效注射剂相关的风险、更新指南的必要性以及成本问题。
目前，这些注射剂在首发精神病和难治性精神分裂症中的使用并非推荐重点，但应予以考虑。尽管口服药物经常不依从并随后复发，但在许多国家，长效注射剂仍是一种未得到充分利用的选择。
