Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA.
Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2010 May;17(3):296-311. doi: 10.1080/13825580903265681. Epub 2009 Nov 4.
Older adults display positive preferences in their gaze, consistent with their prioritization of emotion regulation goals. While some research has argued that substantial amounts of cognitive effort are necessary for these information-processing preferences to occur, other work suggests that these attentional patterns unfold with minimal cognitive exertion. The current study used an implicit regulatory context (i.e., viewing facial stimuli of varying emotions) to assess how much cognitive effort was required for positive attentional preferences to occur. Effortful cognitive processing was assessed with a direct measure of change in pupil dilation. Results indicated that minimal cognitive effort was expended when older adults engaged in positive gaze preferences. This finding suggests that gaze acts as a rather effortless and economical regulatory tool for individuals to shape their affective experience.
老年人在注视时表现出积极的偏好，这与他们优先考虑情绪调节目标是一致的。虽然一些研究认为，要产生这些信息处理偏好，需要大量的认知努力，但其他研究表明，这些注意力模式的形成几乎不需要认知努力。本研究使用了一种隐含的调节情境（即观看不同情绪的面部刺激）来评估老年人产生积极的注意力偏好需要多少认知努力。通过瞳孔扩张的直接测量来评估费力的认知加工。结果表明，当老年人表现出积极的注视偏好时，他们只付出了很少的认知努力。这一发现表明，注视是一种相当轻松和经济的调节工具，个体可以用它来塑造自己的情感体验。
