National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.
Hum Factors. 2009 Aug;51(4):435-45. doi: 10.1177/0018720809343588.
The presence of social psychological pressures on pilot decision making was assessed using qualitative analyses of critical incident interviews.
Social psychological phenomena have long been known to influence attitudes and behavior but have not been highlighted in accident investigation models.
Using a critical incident method, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe a situation involving weather when they were pilot in command and found their skills challenged. They were asked to describe the incident in detail but were not explicitly asked to identify social pressures. Pressures were extracted from transcripts in a bottom-up manner and then clustered into themes.
Of the 28 pilots, 16 described social psychological pressures on their decision making, specifically, informational social influence, the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique, normalization of deviance, and impression management and self-consistency motives.
We believe accident and incident investigations can benefit from explicit inclusion of common social psychological pressures.
We recommend specific ways of incorporating these pressures into theHuman Factors Analysis and Classification System.
通过对关键事件访谈的定性分析，评估飞行员决策过程中的社会心理压力。
社会心理现象长期以来一直被认为会影响态度和行为，但在事故调查模型中并未得到强调。
采用关键事件法，对在阿拉斯加飞行的 28 名飞行员进行了访谈。要求参与者描述一次他们担任机长并发现自己的技能受到挑战的天气情况。他们被要求详细描述事件，但并未明确要求他们识别社会压力。压力是从转录本中自下而上提取出来的，然后聚类成主题。
在 28 名飞行员中，有 16 名描述了对他们决策的社会心理压力，具体包括信息社会影响、进门劝说技术、规范偏差和印象管理及自我一致性动机。
我们认为，事故和事件调查可以从明确纳入常见的社会心理压力中受益。
我们建议将这些压力具体纳入人为因素分析和分类系统。
