Fish Raymond M, Geddes Leslie A
Bioacoustics Research Lab & Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Eplasty. 2009 Oct 12;9:e44.
The objective of this article is to explain ways in which electric current is conducted to and through the human body and how this influences the nature of injuries.
This multidisciplinary topic is explained by first reviewing electrical and pathophysiological principles. There are discussions of how electric current is conducted through the body via air, water, earth, and man-made conductive materials. There are also discussions of skin resistance (impedance), internal body resistance, current path through the body, the let-go phenomenon, skin breakdown, electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles and nerves, cardiac dysrhythmias and arrest, and electric shock drowning. After the review of basic principles, a number of clinically relevant examples of accident mechanisms and their medical effects are discussed. Topics related to high-voltage burns include ground faults, ground potential gradient, step and touch potentials, arcs, and lightning.
The practicing physician will have a better understanding of electrical mechanisms of injury and their expected clinical effects.
There are a variety of types of electrical contact, each with important characteristics. Understanding how electric current reaches and travels through the body can help the clinician understand how and why specific accidents occur and what medical and surgical problems may be expected.
本文旨在解释电流传导至人体并通过人体的方式，以及这如何影响损伤的性质。
通过首先回顾电学和病理生理学原理来解释这个多学科主题。讨论了电流如何通过空气、水、大地和人造导电材料传导至人体并通过人体。还讨论了皮肤电阻（阻抗）、体内电阻、电流通过人体的路径、摆脱现象、皮肤破损、骨骼肌和神经的电刺激、心律失常和心脏骤停以及电击溺水。在回顾基本原理之后，讨论了一些事故机制及其医学影响的临床相关实例。与高压烧伤相关的主题包括接地故障、地面电位梯度、跨步电压和接触电压、电弧和闪电。
执业医师将更好地理解损伤的电学机制及其预期的临床效果。
存在多种类型的电接触，每种都有重要特征。了解电流如何到达并通过人体有助于临床医生理解特定事故如何发生以及为何发生，以及可能预期出现哪些医疗和外科问题。
