Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Oct;19(4):564-71. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.004.
Cigarette smoking by the male partner adversely affects assisted reproductive techniques, suggesting that it may damage sperm chromatin/DNA and consequently embryo development. The effects of graded concentrations of research cigarettes smoke extract (CSE) on motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), chromatin integrity and apoptosis were evaluated in spermatozoa obtained from 13 healthy, non-smoking men with normal sperm parameters, by flow cytometry. CSE suppressed sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and increased the number of spermatozoa with low MMP, the main source of energy for sperm motility. In addition, CSE had a detrimental effect on sperm chromatin condensation and apoptosis. Indeed, it increased the number of spermatozoa with phosphatidylserine externalization, an early apoptotic sign, and fragmented DNA, a late apoptotic sign, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These effects of CSE were of similar or even greater magnitude to those obtained following incubation with tumour necrosis factor-alpha, a cytokine known for its negative impact on sperm function, used as positive control. Since transmission of smoking-induced sperm DNA alterations has been found in pre-implantation embryos, and this may predispose offspring to a greater risk of malformations, cancer and genetic diseases, men seeking to father a child are recommended to give up smoking.
男性伴侣吸烟会对辅助生殖技术产生不利影响，这表明吸烟可能会损害精子染色质/DNA，从而影响胚胎发育。本研究通过流式细胞术评估了来自 13 名健康、不吸烟且精子参数正常的男性的精子，用不同浓度的研究香烟烟雾提取物（CSE）处理后，对精子活力、线粒体膜电位（MMP）、染色质完整性和凋亡的影响。CSE 以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制精子活力，并增加低 MMP 精子的数量，而 MMP 是精子活力的主要能量来源。此外，CSE 对精子染色质凝聚和凋亡有不良影响。事实上，它以浓度和时间依赖的方式增加了具有磷酯酰丝氨酸外翻（早期凋亡的标志）和碎片化 DNA（晚期凋亡的标志）的精子数量，而磷酯酰丝氨酸外翻和碎片化 DNA 是已知对精子功能有负面影响的细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）孵育后获得的类似甚至更大的影响，TNF-α 被用作阳性对照。由于在着床前胚胎中发现了吸烟引起的精子 DNA 改变的传递，并且这可能使后代更容易出现畸形、癌症和遗传疾病的风险增加，因此建议那些希望生育孩子的男性戒烟。
