Chandra Rakesh K, Conley David B, Kern Robert C
Northwestern Sinus & Allergy Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 675 North Street Clair, Galter 15-200, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2009 Oct;42(5):747-52, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2009.07.010.
Advances in instrumentation are part of the natural evolution of any surgical discipline. During this process, there are certain key junctures where the state of the art in technology truly augments the surgeon's ability to manage higher levels of pathology. The present era of endoscopic sinus surgery has been hallmarked by extension of minimally invasive techniques to complex pathologies including advanced inflammatory disease, and pathology involving the orbit, skull base, and brain. Evolution of the armamentarium for endoscopic visualization has been a central feature in this. In this article, key historical elements are reviewed and the technical principles behind these important advances in endoscopic visualization are discussed.
器械的进步是任何外科领域自然发展的一部分。在这个过程中，存在某些关键节点，此时的先进技术确实增强了外科医生处理更高级别病变的能力。当前的鼻内镜鼻窦手术时代的特点是将微创技术扩展到复杂病变，包括晚期炎症性疾病以及涉及眼眶、颅底和脑部的病变。内镜可视化设备的发展一直是其中的核心特征。本文回顾了关键的历史要素，并讨论了这些内镜可视化重要进展背后的技术原理。
