French Food Safety Agency (AFSSA), Bee Disease Unit, Les Templiers, Route des Chappes, BP 111, 06902 Sophia-Antipolis, France.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2010 Jan;103 Suppl 1:S120-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.013. Epub 2009 Nov 11.
Chronic bee paralysis which was called Paralysis is a rather unusual disease caused by a rather unusual virus. In this review, we explore current knowledge of the disease and its etiological agent. Paralysis is the only common viral disease of adult bees whose symptoms include both behavioural and physiological modifications: trembling and hair loss. The disease often affects the strong colonies of an apiary and thousands of dead individuals are then observed in front of the hives. Two sets of symptoms have traditionally been described in the existing literature, but nowadays we can define a general syndrome. The morphology of the Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) particles and the multipartite organisation of the RNA genome are exceptional, as most honey bee viruses are picorna-like viruses belonging to the Iflavirus and Cripavirus genera with symmetric particles and monopartite positive, single-strand RNA genomes. CBPV is currently classified as an RNA virus but is not included in any family or genus. Although it shares several characteristics with viruses in the Nodaviridae and Tombusviridae families, it differs from previously known viruses according to the various demarcation criteria defined by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Thus, it should be considered as the type species of a new group of positive-strand RNA viruses. The recent sequencing of the complete CBPV genome has opened the way for phylogenetic studies and development of new molecular tools able to detect variable isolates and to quantify genomic loads. This article considers the results of such recent detection tests but also previous studies including: (i) the distribution of CBPV infection within the bees and the hive, (ii) the way the virus spreads and its persistence in the colony environment, and (iii) geographical and seasonal distribution and impact of CBPV infections.
慢性麻痹病，又称麻痹病，是一种由相当不寻常的病毒引起的相当不寻常的疾病。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了这种疾病及其病原体的现有知识。麻痹病是唯一一种常见的成年蜜蜂病毒性疾病，其症状包括行为和生理改变：颤抖和脱发。这种疾病经常影响蜂群中的强壮蜂群，然后在蜂巢前观察到数千具死蜂。在现有文献中，传统上描述了两组症状，但现在我们可以定义一个一般综合征。慢性麻痹病毒（CBPV）粒子的形态和 RNA 基因组的多分体组织是异常的，因为大多数蜜蜂病毒是属于 Iflavirus 和 Cripavirus 属的类微小 RNA 病毒，具有对称粒子和单链 RNA 基因组的单分体阳性。CBPV 目前被归类为 RNA 病毒，但不属于任何科或属。尽管它与 Nodaviridae 和 Tombusviridae 科的病毒有几个共同特征，但根据国际病毒分类学委员会（ICTV）定义的各种划分标准，它与以前已知的病毒不同。因此，它应被视为正链 RNA 病毒新组的模式种。最近完成的 CBPV 全基因组测序为系统发育研究和开发新的分子工具打开了大门，这些工具能够检测可变的分离株并定量基因组负荷。本文考虑了最近的检测测试结果，但也包括了以前的研究，包括：（i）CBPV 感染在蜜蜂和蜂巢内的分布，（ii）病毒的传播方式及其在蜂群环境中的持久性，以及（iii）CBPV 感染的地理和季节性分布和影响。
