Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010 Feb;21(1):31-7. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283346cb6.
The purpose of the present review is to summarize recent advances in investigations of interactions between established genetic and dietary risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Several studies reported that dietary factors related to carbohydrate quality and quantity, such as whole grains and glycemic load, might interact with transcription factor 7-like 2 variants in relation to T2D risk. The genetic predisposition defined by the combination of 10 established T2D risk alleles was found to modulate the association between Western dietary pattern (high intakes of red meat, processed meat, and low fiber) and T2D; a stronger association was observed in those with a high-risk genetic profile. Variants in genes HHEX, CDKN2A/2B, JAZF1, and IGF2BP2 were found to interact with prenatal nutrition in relation to T2D risk and glucose levels in later life.
The available data provide preliminary support for the gene-diet interactions in determining T2D. However, most findings have yet to be validated. Future studies will need agreed standards of study design and statistical power, dietary measurement, analytical methods, and replication strategies.
本综述旨在总结 2 型糖尿病（T2D）相关既定遗传和饮食风险因素相互作用的最新研究进展。
一些研究报告称，与碳水化合物质量和数量相关的饮食因素，如全谷物和血糖负荷，可能与 T2D 风险的转录因子 7 样 2 变体相互作用。已发现由 10 个既定的 T2D 风险等位基因组合定义的遗传易感性调节西方饮食模式（大量摄入红色肉类、加工肉类和低纤维）与 T2D 之间的关联；在具有高风险遗传特征的人群中，观察到更强的关联。HHEX、CDKN2A/2B、JAZF1 和 IGF2BP2 基因的变异与产前营养相互作用，与 T2D 风险和以后生活中的葡萄糖水平相关。
现有数据初步支持基因-饮食相互作用在确定 T2D 中的作用。然而，大多数发现仍有待验证。未来的研究将需要商定研究设计和统计能力、饮食测量、分析方法和复制策略的标准。
