Abdullah Noraidatulakma, Attia John, Oldmeadow Christopher, Scott Rodney J, Holliday Elizabeth G
School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia ; UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia ; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
Int J Endocrinol. 2014;2014:593982. doi: 10.1155/2014/593982. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is rising rapidly in both developed and developing countries. Asia is developing as the epicentre of the escalating pandemic, reflecting rapid transitions in demography, migration, diet, and lifestyle patterns. The effective management of Type 2 diabetes in Asia may be complicated by differences in prevalence, risk factor profiles, genetic risk allele frequencies, and gene-environment interactions between different Asian countries, and between Asian and other continental populations. To reduce the worldwide burden of T2D, it will be important to understand the architecture of T2D susceptibility both within and between populations. This review will provide an overview of known genetic and nongenetic risk factors for T2D, placing the results from Asian studies in the context of broader global research. Given recent evidence from large-scale genetic studies of T2D, we place special emphasis on emerging knowledge about the genetic architecture of T2D and the potential contribution of genetic effects to population differences in risk.
2型糖尿病在发达国家和发展中国家的患病率都在迅速上升。亚洲正发展成为这一不断升级的大流行的中心，反映出人口统计学、移民、饮食和生活方式模式的快速转变。亚洲不同国家之间以及亚洲与其他大陆人群之间在患病率、风险因素概况、遗传风险等位基因频率和基因-环境相互作用方面存在差异，这可能会使亚洲2型糖尿病的有效管理变得复杂。为了减轻全球2型糖尿病的负担，了解人群内部和人群之间2型糖尿病易感性的结构将很重要。本综述将概述2型糖尿病已知的遗传和非遗传风险因素，将亚洲研究的结果置于更广泛的全球研究背景中。鉴于最近来自2型糖尿病大规模基因研究的证据，我们特别强调关于2型糖尿病遗传结构的新认识以及遗传效应对人群风险差异的潜在贡献。
