Division of Trauma and Burn Care, Department of Surgery, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;21(6):505-11. doi: 10.3109/09540260903340865.
Burns are devastating injuries that disproportionately affect people in developing countries, including children. In addition to a high mortality rate, survivors are burdened with life-long physical and emotional scars. The etiology and nature of burn injuries varies significantly by country, and this chapter explores the predominant causes and patterns of burn injury in both the developing and industrialized worlds. Gender differences play a significant role in the risk of burn injuries, across a spectrum with a predominance of women injured in fires from cooking and heating fuels in the developing world and industrial accidents primarily affecting men in developed nations. Children are particularly vulnerable to burn injuries, accounting for almost 50% of all burn patients in some studies. A majority of pediatric burns are scald injuries usually affecting very young children below the age of 5 years, and we discuss the behavioral patterns underlying this finding. Finally, the elderly form a rapidly increasing proportion of the population in many countries, and are often burdened with comorbidities that are likely to pose significant challenges in burn care.
烧伤是一种破坏性极大的伤害，在发展中国家，包括儿童在内的人群中更为常见。除了高死亡率之外，烧伤幸存者还承受着终身的身体和情感创伤。烧伤的病因和性质因国家而异，本章探讨了发展中国家和工业化国家中烧伤的主要原因和模式。在不同的风险中，性别差异起着重要作用，在发展中国家，妇女因烹饪和取暖燃料引起的火灾受伤比例较高，而在发达国家，工业事故主要影响男性。儿童尤其容易受到烧伤的伤害，在一些研究中，几乎有 50%的烧伤患者都是儿童。大多数儿科烧伤是烫伤，通常影响 5 岁以下的幼儿，我们将讨论这一发现背后的行为模式。最后，许多国家的老年人口比例迅速增加，他们通常患有合并症，这可能给烧伤治疗带来重大挑战。
