Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2009 Dec;28(12):765-75. doi: 10.1177/0960327109354545.
The toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal at 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight was investigated in male Wistar rats for 28 days. The parameters used were the body weight of the animals and absolute weights of the organs, haematological parameters, renal and liver functional endpoints. The animals gained appreciable weight and showed no signs of clinical toxicity. The dried (DB), boiled dried (BDB), fresh (FB) and boiled fresh berry (BFB) extracts reduced (p < .05) the heart-, liver-and spleen-body weight ratio of the animals whereas that of the lung was not altered. The kidney and testes-body weight ratios were specifically altered by the different extract. All these were not accompanied by any histomorphological changes. The extracts did not alter (p > .05) the levels of RBC, Hb, PCV and albumin of the animals. The platelets were decreased by the DB and FB whereas BFB increased this parameter. The FB and BFB at all the doses also reduced the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of the animals. With the exception of the FB where the creatinine and chloride levels decreased, other extracts did not alter the level of these kidney parameters. Only FB increased the levels of uric acid and urea. All the extract decreased the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the animal. The levels of total protein, globulin, total and conjugated bilirubin were not altered by DB and BDB whereas these indices were increased by FB and BFB. The DB and BDB increased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity whereas FB decreased the activity of the enzyme. In contrast, DB and BDB decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity of the animals whereas FB and BFB increased the activity of the enzyme. The FB and BFB also increased the levels of potassium, magnesium and phosphorus of the animals. Overall, the alterations in the biochemical parameters by the various extracts of S. aculeastrum berries at these doses indicated that the normal functioning of these organs may be adversely affected. However, drying and boiling might reduce the toxic effect of the berries.
在雄性 Wistar 大鼠中，28 天内以 1、10 和 25mg/kg 体重的剂量研究了新鲜、干燥和煮沸的 Solanum aculeastrum Dunal 浆果的水提物的毒理学效应。使用的参数是动物体重和器官的绝对重量、血液学参数、肾脏和肝功能终点。动物体重显著增加，且没有出现临床毒性的迹象。干燥（DB）、煮沸干燥（BDB）、新鲜（FB）和煮沸新鲜浆果（BFB）提取物降低（p<0.05）了动物的心、肝和脾体比，而肺体比没有改变。不同提取物特异性改变了肾脏和睾丸体比。所有这些均未伴有任何组织形态学变化。提取物未改变（p>0.05）动物的 RBC、Hb、PCV 和白蛋白水平。DB 和 FB 降低了血小板，而 BFB 增加了该参数。FB 和 BFB 还降低了所有剂量的动物的平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）。除 FB 降低了肌酐和氯化物水平外，其他提取物均未改变这些肾脏参数的水平。只有 FB 增加了尿酸和尿素的水平。所有提取物均降低了动物的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平。DB 和 BDB 未改变总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆红素和结合胆红素的水平，而 FB 和 BFB 增加了这些指数。DB 和 BDB 增加了血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，而 FB 降低了该酶的活性。相反，DB 和 BDB 降低了动物的血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性，而 FB 和 BFB 增加了该酶的活性。FB 和 BFB 还增加了动物的钾、镁和磷的水平。总的来说，这些浆果的各种提取物在这些剂量下对生化参数的改变表明，这些器官的正常功能可能会受到不利影响。然而，干燥和煮沸可能会降低浆果的毒性作用。
