Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Dec;36(12):1048-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01482.x.
To review the literature to assess the amount of change in height and width of the residual ridge after tooth extraction.
MEDLINE-PubMed and the Cochrane Central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) were searched through up to March 2009. Appropriate studies which data reported concerning the dimensional changes in alveolar height and width after tooth extraction were included. Approximal height change, mid-buccal change, mid-crestal change, mid-lingual change, Alveolar width change and socket fill were selected as outcome variables. Mean values and if available standard deviations were extracted. Weighted mean changes were calculated.
Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 1244 MEDLINE-PubMed and 106 Cochrane papers resulted in 12 publications that met the eligibility criteria. The reduction in width of the alveolar ridges was 3.87 mm. The mean clinical mid-buccal height loss was 1.67 mm. The mean crestal height change as assessed on the radiographs was 1.53 mm. Socket fill in height as measured relative to the original socket floor was on an average 2.57 mm.
During the post-extraction healing period, the weighted mean changes as based on the data derived from the individual selected studies show the clinical loss in width to be greater than the loss in height, assessed both clinically as well as radiographically.
回顾文献评估拔牙后剩余牙槽嵴高度和宽度的变化量。
通过 MEDLINE-PubMed 和 Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）检索至 2009 年 3 月。纳入数据报告了拔牙后牙槽高度和宽度的尺寸变化的合适研究。选择近中高度变化、颊侧中部变化、牙槽嵴顶中部变化、舌侧中部变化、牙槽宽度变化和牙槽窝填充作为结局变量。提取平均值和（如有）标准差。计算加权均数变化。
对 1244 篇 MEDLINE-PubMed 和 106 篇 Cochrane 论文的标题和摘要进行独立筛选后，有 12 篇符合入选标准。牙槽嵴宽度减少 3.87mm。临床中颊侧中部平均高度损失 1.67mm。X 线片评估的牙槽嵴顶高度变化平均为 1.53mm。相对于原始牙槽窝底测量的牙槽窝高度填充平均为 2.57mm。
在拔牙后愈合期间，根据个别选定研究的数据得出的加权平均变化表明，临床宽度损失大于高度损失，临床和影像学评估均如此。
