Shooshtarizadeh Peiman, Zhang Dan, Chich Jean-François, Gasnier Claire, Schneider Francis, Haïkel Youssef, Aunis Dominique, Metz-Boutigue Marie-Hélène
Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux, Université de Strasbourg, Inserm Z575, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, France.
Regul Pept. 2010 Nov 30;165(1):102-10. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.014. Epub 2009 Nov 20.
Chromogranins/secretogranins are members of the granin family present in secretory vesicles of nervous, endocrine and immune cells. In chromaffin cells, activation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors induces the release, with catecholamines, of bioactive peptides resulting from a natural processing. During the past decade, our laboratory has characterized new antimicrobial chromogranin-derived peptides in the secretions of stimulated bovine chromaffin cells. They act at the micromolar range against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and are non-toxic for the mammalian cells. They are recovered in several biological fluids involved in defence mechanisms (human serum, neutrophil secretions and saliva). These new antimicrobial peptides demonstrate the major role of the adrenal medulla in innate immunity. In this review we focus on the antimicrobial peptides derived from human and bovine chromogranin A (CGA), chromogranin B (CGB) and secretogranin II (SGII) emphasizing their direct action against pathogens and their effects on immune cells.
嗜铬粒蛋白/分泌粒蛋白是存在于神经、内分泌和免疫细胞分泌囊泡中的粒蛋白家族成员。在嗜铬细胞中，烟碱型胆碱能受体的激活会诱导生物活性肽与儿茶酚胺一起释放，这些生物活性肽是自然加工的产物。在过去十年中，我们实验室已鉴定出受刺激的牛嗜铬细胞分泌物中源自嗜铬粒蛋白的新型抗菌肽。它们在微摩尔浓度范围内对细菌、真菌、酵母起作用，且对哺乳动物细胞无毒。它们存在于参与防御机制的几种生物体液中（人血清、中性粒细胞分泌物和唾液）。这些新型抗菌肽证明了肾上腺髓质在先天免疫中的主要作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注源自人及牛嗜铬粒蛋白A（CGA）、嗜铬粒蛋白B（CGB）和分泌粒蛋白II（SGII）的抗菌肽，强调它们对病原体的直接作用以及对免疫细胞的影响。
