Jonas J B, Mardin C Y, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Naumann G O
Department of Ophthalmology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, FRG.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Feb;32(2):401-5.
The lamina cribrosa is a sieve-like perforation in the posterior part of the sclera, that allows passage of the retinal ganglion cell axons and central retinal vessels and preserves a pressure gradient between the intraocular and extraocular space. It has been termed the primary site of glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve. Using electron microscopy, the authors morphometrically evaluated the inner surface of the lamina cribosa in 40 normal human donor eyes. There were 14 men and 21 women with a mean age of 52 +/- 22 yr (10-82 yr). Mean single pore area (0.004 +/- 0.001 mm2) and summed pore area were significantly (P less than 0.05) larger and the ratio of summed pore area to lamina area was higher in the inferior and superior regions than in the temporal and nasal regions. The ratio decreased with increasing lamina cribrosa size. Count, size, form, and density of the pores were statistically independent of age, sex, side, and lamina cribrosa form. Pore count and summed pore area (mean: 0.92 +/- 0.22 mm2) increased significantly with enlarging lamina cribrosa size. The area of the lamina cribrosa openings for passage of the central retinal vessels was independent of the lamina cribrosa size. The high ratio of summed pore area to lamina area and the large single pore area may be pathogenetically important for the increased glaucoma susceptibility in the inferior and superior disc regions. The lack of a correlation between lamina cribrosa size and the area of the lamina cribrosa openings for the retinal vessels may explain why central retinal vessel occlusions occur independently of optic disc size.
筛板是巩膜后部的筛状穿孔，允许视网膜神经节细胞轴突和视网膜中央血管通过，并维持眼内和眼外空间之间的压力梯度。它被认为是青光眼对视神经造成损害的主要部位。作者使用电子显微镜对40只正常人类供体眼的筛板内表面进行了形态计量学评估。其中男性14例，女性21例，平均年龄52±22岁（10 - 82岁）。平均单个孔面积（0.004±0.001mm²）和总孔面积在上下区域显著（P<0.05）大于颞侧和鼻侧区域，且总孔面积与筛板面积的比值在上下区域更高。该比值随筛板尺寸增大而降低。孔的数量、大小、形态和密度在统计学上与年龄、性别、眼别和筛板形态无关。孔数量和总孔面积（平均值：0.92±0.22mm²）随筛板尺寸增大而显著增加。视网膜中央血管通过的筛板开口面积与筛板尺寸无关。总孔面积与筛板面积的高比值以及较大的单个孔面积可能在上下视盘区域青光眼易感性增加的发病机制中具有重要意义。筛板尺寸与视网膜血管筛板开口面积之间缺乏相关性，这可能解释了为什么视网膜中央血管阻塞的发生与视盘大小无关。
