Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Osteoporos Int. 2010 Aug;21(8):1449-54. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-1111-y. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
The association between cadmium and osteoporosis in a multiethnic population is unclear. We found that urinary cadmium is consistently associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regardless of age, sex, race, and smoking status. Cadmium exposure may be an independent risk factor for osteoporosis.
Our purpose was to test whether cadmium exposure is associated with a higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in the general US population and selected subgroups.
We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze data on 10,978 subjects (aged 30-90) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We studied the association of urinary cadmium levels (adjusted for urinary creatinine) and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis as defined by the World Health Organization.
After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, calcium intake, and physical inactivity, odds ratios (ORs) for osteopenia and osteoporosis increased dose dependently with two urinary cadmium levels (in micrograms of urinary cadmium per grams of urinary creatinine: level I, 1.00-1.99 mcg/g; level II, > or =2.00 mcg/g). Osteopenia results were as follows: level I OR, 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.80); level II OR, 2.05 (95% CI, 1.52-2.78). Osteoporosis results were as follows: level I OR, 1.78 (95% CI, 1.26-2.52); level II OR, 3.80 (95% CI, 2.36-6.14). The association was consistent in all age, sex, race, and smoking status subgroups.
Cadmium exposure may be a potential risk factor for osteopenia and osteoporosis in the general US population.
在多民族人群中，镉与骨质疏松症之间的关联尚不清楚。我们发现，无论年龄、性别、种族和吸烟状况如何，尿镉含量始终与低骨量和骨质疏松症相关。镉暴露可能是骨质疏松症的一个独立危险因素。
我们的目的是检验在一般美国人群和特定亚组中，镉暴露是否与低骨量和骨质疏松症的更高患病率相关。
我们使用多项逻辑回归分析了来自第三次全国健康和营养检查调查的 10978 名（年龄 30-90 岁）受试者的数据。我们研究了尿镉水平（按尿肌酐校正）与世界卫生组织定义的低骨量和骨质疏松症的患病率之间的关系。
在校正年龄、性别、种族、体重指数、钙摄入量和身体活动不足后，骨质疏松症和低骨量的比值比（OR）与两种尿镉水平呈剂量依赖性增加（以尿镉微克数与尿肌酐克数的比值表示：水平 I，1.00-1.99 mcg/g；水平 II，≥2.00 mcg/g）。骨质疏松症的结果如下：水平 I OR，1.49（95%置信区间[CI]，1.24-1.80）；水平 II OR，2.05（95% CI，1.52-2.78）。骨质疏松症的结果如下：水平 I OR，1.78（95% CI，1.26-2.52）；水平 II OR，3.80（95% CI，2.36-6.14）。这种关联在所有年龄、性别、种族和吸烟状况亚组中均一致。
在一般美国人群中，镉暴露可能是低骨量和骨质疏松症的潜在危险因素。
