Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2010 Jan 1;109(1):16-25. doi: 10.1002/jcb.22402.
Since mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells was first derived in 1981, the ability of this unprecedented cell type to self-renew and differentiate without limit has revolutionized the discovery tools that are used to study gene functions and development. Furthermore, they have inspired others to hunt for similar cells from other species. The derivation of human ES cells in 1998 has accelerated these discoveries and has also widely provoked public interest, due to both the scientific significance of these cells for human tissue regeneration and the ethical disputes over the use of donated early human embryos. However, this is no longer a barrier, with the recent discovery of methods that can convert differentiated somatic cells into ES-like cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, by using defined reprogramming factors. This review attempts to summarize the progresses in the derivation of ES cells (as well as other embryo-derived pluripotent cells) and iPS cells from various species. We will focus on the molecular and biological features of the cells, as well as the different determinants identified thus far to sustain their pluripotency.
自 1981 年首次获得小鼠胚胎干细胞（ES 细胞）以来，这种前所未有的细胞类型在无需限制的自我更新和分化方面的能力彻底改变了用于研究基因功能和发育的发现工具。此外，它还激发了其他人从其他物种中寻找类似的细胞。1998 年人类 ES 细胞的获得加速了这些发现，也由于这些细胞对人类组织再生的科学意义以及对使用捐赠的早期人类胚胎的伦理争议，引起了广泛的公众兴趣。然而，这已不再是障碍，最近发现的方法可以使用定义的重编程因子将分化的体细胞核转化为 ES 样细胞或诱导多能干细胞（iPS 细胞）。本综述试图总结不同物种 ES 细胞（以及其他胚胎来源的多能细胞）和 iPS 细胞的获得进展。我们将重点介绍细胞的分子和生物学特征，以及迄今为止确定的维持其多能性的不同决定因素。
