Fondazione IRCCS "Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori", Milan, Italy.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010 May;74(2):134-48. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Nov 24.
Malignant salivary gland tumors are rare. The most common tumor site is the parotid. Aetiologic factors are not clear. Nutrition may be a risk factor, as well as irradiation or a long-standing histologically benign tumor that occurs at youth. Painless swelling of a salivary gland should always be considered as suspicious, especially if no sign of inflammation is present. Signs and symptoms related to major salivary gland tumors differ from those concerning minor salivary gland tumors, as they depend on the different location of the salivary gland. Surgical excision represents the standard option in the treatment of resectable tumors of both major and minor salivary glands. Neutron, heavy ions or proton radiotherapy may be a treatment option for inoperable locoregional disease. Surgery, irradiation or re-irradiation are treatment options for local relapse, whereas radical neck dissection is indicated for regional relapses. Metastatic disease may be either treated with radiotherapy or palliative chemotherapy, depending on the site of metastases. For highly selected patients the employment of anti-androgen therapy is indicated.
恶性涎腺肿瘤较为罕见。最常见的肿瘤发生部位是腮腺。病因并不明确。营养可能是一个风险因素，以及放疗或长期存在的组织学良性肿瘤，多见于年轻人。无疼痛的涎腺肿胀应始终被视为可疑，特别是如果没有炎症迹象。大涎腺肿瘤的症状和体征与小涎腺肿瘤不同，因为它们取决于涎腺的不同位置。手术切除是治疗大、小涎腺可切除肿瘤的标准选择。中微子、重离子或质子放疗可能是不可手术的局部区域疾病的治疗选择。手术、放疗或再放疗是局部复发的治疗选择，而根治性颈淋巴结清扫术则适用于区域复发。转移性疾病可根据转移部位选择放疗或姑息性化疗。对于高度选择的患者，可采用抗雄激素治疗。
