PedNet Coalition, Columbia, Missouri 65205, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2009 Dec;37(6 Suppl 2):S322-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.09.002.
With funding support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Active Living Partnership of Columbia, Missouri, sought to make routine physical activity more commonplace in the community through behavioral and environmental change strategies.
The Active Living by Design 5P model (partnerships, promotions, programs, policy changes, and physical projects) was modified to create two mutually reinforcing components. Programs and promotions (e.g., Walking School Bus) were implemented to influence individual behaviors and generate public policy advocates. Policy changes, such as activity-friendly street design standards, created safe and attractive places for physical activity programs. A strong, diverse community partnership supported all efforts.
Key project successes were a citywide social marketing program; the Walking School Bus program, which grew rapidly; and policy campaigns resulting in improved street design standards and a voter-approved $3.5 million sales tax for sidewalks around schools. Notable challenges included programs targeting teenagers and efforts to increase physical activity through self-reported activity logging.
The most important lesson was to implement multiple strategies because programs can leverage policy successes, and new policies often lead to more funding for infrastructure. Other lessons learned were to build early successes by reaching first for the "low-hanging fruit" (e.g., elementary-age children rather than teenagers) and to have a flexible plan to take advantage of unexpected opportunities (e.g., a new, influential partner with a specific interest).
A modified 5P model was tested and found to be an effective framework for achieving behavioral and environmental changes that promote healthy, active lifestyles in the community.
在罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会的资助下，密苏里州哥伦比亚的积极生活伙伴关系组织寻求通过行为和环境改变策略，使常规体育活动在社区中更为普遍。
积极生活设计的 5P 模式（伙伴关系、推广、项目、政策改变和实体项目）进行了修改，创建了两个相互增强的组成部分。项目和推广（例如，步行校车）的实施旨在影响个人行为并产生公共政策倡导者。活动友好型街道设计标准等政策改变为体育活动项目创造了安全且有吸引力的场所。一个强大而多样化的社区伙伴关系支持所有的努力。
关键项目的成功包括全市范围的社会营销计划；步行校车项目迅速发展；以及政策运动导致改善街道设计标准和选民批准的 350 万美元用于学校周围的人行道。值得注意的挑战包括针对青少年的项目和通过自我报告的活动记录来增加体育活动的努力。
最重要的教训是实施多种策略，因为项目可以利用政策的成功，而新政策通常会为基础设施提供更多资金。其他经验教训是通过首先争取“低挂果实”（例如，小学生而不是青少年）来取得早期成功，并制定灵活的计划以利用意外的机会（例如，具有特定利益的新的有影响力的合作伙伴）。
经过测试，修改后的 5P 模型被发现是一种有效的框架，可以实现促进社区健康、积极生活方式的行为和环境改变。
