Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Oct;106(43):695-702. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0695. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
Cataract surgery, the most frequently performed operative procedure worldwide, typically concludes with the implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to correct aphakia (absence of the crystalline lens).
Selective literature review including current regulations, guidelines and recommendations for cataract surgery.
The main symptom of cataract is loss of visual acuity, which usually progresses slowly. It can arise in one eye or both. There is a basic distinction between congenital and acquired cataracts. The probability of developing a cataract rises with age because of biochemical aging processes. The development of a cataract becomes highly likely from the sixth decade of life onward.
As no effective medications for cataract are available at present, its current standard treatment is the removal of the clouded lens. In industrialized countries, this is usually done with ultrasound (phacoemulsification), followed by the implantation of an IOL.
白内障手术是全球最常施行的手术操作,通常在术后植入人工晶状体(IOL)以矫正无晶状体(晶状体缺失)。
包括白内障手术的现行法规、指南和推荐意见在内的选择性文献回顾。
白内障的主要症状是视力丧失,其进展通常较为缓慢。白内障可能单眼或双眼发病。白内障可分为先天性和后天性白内障。由于生化老化过程,白内障的发病概率随年龄增长而增加。自 60 岁以后,白内障的发病概率变得非常高。
由于目前尚无治疗白内障的有效药物,其当前的标准治疗方法是去除混浊的晶状体。在工业化国家,通常采用超声(乳化)进行手术,随后植入 IOL。