Lieberman L D, Gray H, Wier M, Fiorentino R, Maloney P
Inwood House, New York, USA.
Fam Plann Perspect. 2000 Sep-Oct;32(5):237-45.
Despite drops in U.S. teenage birthrates, questions continue to arise about how best to reduce the country's adolescent birthrate. School-based programs continue to be considered one of the best ways to reach adolescents at risk of early sexual activity.
A total of 312 students completed a pretest, a posttest and a follow-up one year after the posttest: 125 who had participated in a 3-4-month-long abstinence-based small-group intervention led by trained social workers, and 187 in a comparison group that received no special services.
There were few significant differences between the intervention and comparison groups at posttest. At the one-year follow-up, however, intervention students had significantly better scores on locus of control, their relationship with their parents and (among males only) their attitudes about the appropriateness of teenage sex. Measures of depression, self-esteem, intentions to have sex, attitudes toward teenage pregnancy and various behaviors did not differ significantly between groups. By the time of the one-year follow-up, there was no difference between study groups among females in the initiation of sexual intercourse. Among the males, initiation of sexual intercourse appeared to be higher in the intervention group than in the comparison group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Positive outcomes were especially limited among students who were already sexually active at the start of the study, a finding that emphasizes the difficulties of reaching adolescents who are already at high risk for pregnancy
A small-group abstinence-based intervention focusing on mental health can have some impact on adolescents' attitudes and relationships (particularly with their parents). Long-term evaluations are important for determining the effects of an intervention, as it is difficult to change adolescent risk behavior.
尽管美国青少年生育率有所下降，但关于如何最好地降低该国青少年生育率的问题仍不断出现。以学校为基础的项目仍然被认为是接触有早期性活动风险青少年的最佳方式之一。
共有312名学生完成了一项前测、一项后测以及后测一年后的随访：125名学生参加了由训练有素的社会工作者领导的为期3 - 4个月的基于禁欲的小组干预，187名学生在一个未接受特殊服务的对照组中。
在后测时，干预组和对照组之间几乎没有显著差异。然而，在一年的随访中，接受干预的学生在控制点、与父母的关系以及（仅针对男性）对青少年性行为适当性的态度方面得分显著更高。两组在抑郁、自尊、性行为意图、对青少年怀孕的态度以及各种行为方面的测量结果没有显著差异。到一年随访时，各研究组中女性开始性行为的情况没有差异。在男性中，干预组开始性行为的比例似乎高于对照组，但差异无统计学意义。在研究开始时已经有性行为的学生中，积极结果尤其有限；这一发现强调了接触已经处于高怀孕风险的青少年的困难。
一项基于禁欲的、关注心理健康的小组干预对青少年的态度和人际关系（特别是与父母的关系）可能会有一些影响。长期评估对于确定干预效果很重要，因为改变青少年的风险行为很困难。
