Ershow A G, Brown L M, Cantor K P
Lipid Metabolism-Atherogenesis Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Am J Public Health. 1991 Mar;81(3):328-34. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.3.328.
Despite theoretically higher requirements for water due to physiologic demands of pregnancy and lactation, little is known of actual ranges of intake in pregnant and lactating women.
Population-based estimates of total water and tapwater intake in women of reproductive age were derived using data from the 1977-78 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Three-day average intakes were calculated for 188 pregnant women, 77 lactating women, and 6,201 non-pregnant, non-lactating control women.
Total water intake (mean +/- SD) was 1,940 +/- 686 g/day (median 1,835) for control women, 2,076 +/- 743 g/day (median 1,928) for pregnant women and 2,242 +/- 658 g/day (median 2,164) for lactating women. Tapwater intake was 1,157 +/- 635 g/day (median 1,065) for control women, 1,189 +/- 699 g/day (median 1,063) for pregnant women, and 1,310 +/- 591 g/day (median 1,330) for lactating women. Total water intake was equal to or greater than 3,000 g/day among 7 percent of control women, 11 percent of pregnant women, and 13 percent of lactating women. Tapwater intake was equal to or greater than 2,000 g/day among 10 percent of control women, 15 percent of pregnant women, and 8 percent of lactating women.
These results should be useful in estimating amounts of nutrients and toxic substances that women of reproductive age obtain through the water supply.
尽管由于怀孕和哺乳的生理需求，理论上对水的需求量更高，但对于孕妇和哺乳期妇女的实际饮水量范围却知之甚少。
利用1977 - 1978年美国农业部全国食物消费调查的数据，得出育龄妇女总饮水量和自来水摄入量的基于人群的估计值。计算了188名孕妇、77名哺乳期妇女和6201名非孕非哺乳期对照妇女的三日平均摄入量。
对照妇女的总饮水量（均值±标准差）为1940±686克/天（中位数1835），孕妇为2076±743克/天（中位数1928），哺乳期妇女为2242±658克/天（中位数2164）。对照妇女的自来水摄入量为1157±635克/天（中位数1065），孕妇为1189±699克/天（中位数1063），哺乳期妇女为1310±591克/天（中位数1330）。7%的对照妇女、11%的孕妇和13%的哺乳期妇女的总饮水量等于或大于3000克/天。10%的对照妇女、15%的孕妇和8%的哺乳期妇女的自来水摄入量等于或大于2000克/天。
这些结果对于估计育龄妇女通过供水获取的营养素和有毒物质的量应是有用的。
