Osaka Kyoiku University, Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8582, Japan.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2009 May;91(3):377-90. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2009.91-377.
The present experiment examined whether a response class was acquired by humans with delayed reinforcement. Eight white circles were presented on a computer touch screen. If the undergraduates touched two of the eight circles in a specified sequence (i.e., touching first the upper-left circle then the bottom-left circle), then the touches initiated an unsignaled resetting delay culminating in point delivery. Participants experienced one of three different delays (0 s, 10 s, or 30 s). Rates of the target two-response sequence were higher with delayed reinforcement than with no reinforcement. Terminal rates of the target sequence decreased and postreinforcement pauses increased as a function of delay duration. Other undergraduates exposed to yoked schedules of response-independent point deliveries failed to acquire the sequence. The results demonstrate that a response class was acquired with delayed reinforcement, extending the generality of this phenomenon found with nonhuman animals to humans.
本实验考察了人类是否可以通过延迟强化来习得反应类。在电脑触摸屏上呈现八个白色圆圈。如果大学生按照特定的顺序触摸其中的两个圆圈（即先触摸左上角的圆圈，再触摸左下角的圆圈），那么触摸会启动一个无信号重置延迟，最终会得到分数奖励。参与者经历了三种不同延迟中的一种（0 秒、10 秒或 30 秒）。与无强化相比，延迟强化会导致目标的两个反应序列的反应速度更快。随着延迟时间的延长，目标序列的最终反应速度下降，强化后的停顿时间增加。其他接触到与反应无关的分数奖励的被试则未能习得该序列。结果表明，人类可以通过延迟强化来习得反应类，将这种在非人类动物中发现的现象扩展到了人类身上。
