U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development (E343-04), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jan 1;44(1):394-9. doi: 10.1021/es902676w.
This work reports on the first known field study determining emission factors for polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzodioxins/dibenzofurans (P[C/B]DDs/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from open burning of domestic waste. Two burning waste dump sites in Mexico were sampled using high-volume samplers mounted to a mobile sampling boom. Concurrent measurements of CO and CO(2) allowed determination of emission factors via the carbon balance method. PCDD/F emission factors averaged 823 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg C(burned) (N = 8, 68% relative standard deviation, RSD), a value at least five times higher than those from previous tests with domestic waste burned in barrels and approximately 2000 times higher than those from stacks of modern municipal waste combustors. These emission factors appear to be related to combustion quality, as conditions conducive to smoldering combustion, rather than flaming combustion, resulted in higher emission factors. Emissions of 40 PBDE congeners, likely originating from brominated flame retardants, averaged 724 mug/kg C(burned) (RSD = 96%) and had congener patterns similar to those of reported atmospheric sampling. Emissions of PBDDs/Fs were similar in magnitude to their chlorinated counterparts, averaging 470 ng TEQ/kg C(burned) (RSD = 105%), and may originate as reaction products of PBDE combustion or as thermally desorbed impurities from the PBDE flame retardant.
本研究报告了首例针对露天燃烧生活垃圾所产生的多氯二苯并二恶英/二苯并呋喃（P[C/B]DDs/Fs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）排放因子的实地研究。研究在墨西哥的两个垃圾焚烧场使用车载式高容量采样器进行采样。同时测量 CO 和 CO2，通过碳平衡法确定排放因子。PCDD/F 的排放因子平均为 823 ng 毒性当量（TEQ）/kgC（燃烧）（N = 8，相对标准偏差 68%，RSD），这一数值至少是之前在桶中燃烧生活垃圾和现代城市垃圾焚烧炉烟囱中测量到的数值的五倍和两千倍。这些排放因子似乎与燃烧质量有关，因为闷烧燃烧的条件导致了更高的排放因子，而不是火焰燃烧。40 种可能源自溴化阻燃剂的 PBDE 同系物的排放量平均为 724 µg/kgC（燃烧）（RSD = 96%），且排放同系物模式与报道的大气采样相似。PBDDs/Fs 的排放量与氯化物相当，平均为 470 ng TEQ/kgC（燃烧）（RSD = 105%），可能是 PBDE 燃烧的反应产物，也可能是 PBDE 阻燃剂热解吸的杂质。
