Osztovits János, Balázs Csaba, Fehér János
Fovárosi Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Kórház III. Belgyógyászati Osztály Budapest Maglódi út 89-91. 1106 Semmelweis Egyetem Doktori Iskola Budapest.
Orv Hetil. 2009 Dec 13;150(50):2265-73. doi: 10.1556/OH.2009.28766.
In March, 2009, a novel strain of swine-origin influenza-A H1N1 caused human infection in Mexico, and spread to all regions in the world in the following three months. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization declared that a global pandemic of influenza A H1N1 was underway. This action was a reflection of the spread of the new H1N1 virus, not the severity of illness caused by the virus. As of October, 2009, there are about 400,000 confirmed cases and 5000 mortalities due to pandemic H1N1 all over the world. The symptoms are usually mild: fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, and they usually disappear spontaneously within 3-7 days. Recommendations suggest staying at home with mild symptoms, and avoiding the contact with other people. In case of warning signs of complications or emergency symptoms, medical care is required, and antiviral treatment, hospitalization might be needed. The most important duty against pandemic H1N1 is prevention, which means first of all the adherence of hygienic rules and the use of vaccination. Based on epidemiologic data and worldwide experiences on influenza vaccination, both seasonal and H1N1 vaccinations are recommended for anyone 6 months of age or older who is at risk of becoming ill or of transmitting the viruses to others. Pregnant women during the first trimester are not recommended for vaccination, due to the lack of experiences. Overall, the rates and seriousness of a possible complication of influenza vaccination are much smaller than the risk of serious complications and mortality of influenza infection.
2009年3月，一种新型猪源甲型H1N1流感病毒在墨西哥引发人类感染，并在随后的三个月内蔓延至全球所有地区。2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣布甲型H1N1流感全球大流行正在发生。这一行动反映的是新型H1N1病毒的传播情况，而非该病毒所致疾病的严重程度。截至2009年10月，全球甲型H1N1流感大流行确诊病例约40万例，死亡5000例。症状通常较轻：发热、咳嗽、咽痛、肌肉酸痛，通常在3至7天内自行消失。建议出现轻症时居家休息，避免与他人接触。出现并发症警示体征或紧急症状时，需就医，可能需要抗病毒治疗及住院治疗。预防甲型H1N1流感大流行的最重要职责是预防，这首先意味着遵守卫生规则并接种疫苗。根据流行病学数据和全球流感疫苗接种经验，建议6个月及以上有患病风险或有将病毒传播给他人风险的任何人接种季节性流感疫苗和甲型H1N1流感疫苗。由于缺乏经验，不建议孕早期妇女接种疫苗。总体而言，流感疫苗接种可能出现的并发症发生率和严重程度远低于流感感染导致严重并发症和死亡的风险。
