Centre for Virology, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Apr;87(4):589-98. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0809580. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) with underlying mechanisms including chronic immune activation and inflammation secondary to HIV-induced microbial translocation and low-grade endotoxemia; direct effects of HIV and viral proteins on macrophage cholesterol metabolism; and dyslipidemia related to HIV infection and specific antiretroviral therapies. Monocytes are the precursors of the lipid-laden foam cells within the atherosclerotic plaque and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. The minor CD14+/CD16+ "proinflammatory" monocyte subpopulation is preferentially susceptible to HIV infection and may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HIV-related CAD. In this review, the central role of monocytes/macrophages in HIV-related CAD and the importance of inflammation and cholesterol metabolism are discussed.
HIV 感染者发生冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的风险增加，其潜在机制包括 HIV 诱导的微生物易位和低水平内毒素血症引起的慢性免疫激活和炎症；HIV 和病毒蛋白对巨噬细胞胆固醇代谢的直接影响；以及与 HIV 感染和特定抗逆转录病毒治疗相关的血脂异常。单核细胞是动脉粥样硬化斑块中富含脂质的泡沫细胞的前体细胞，并产生高水平的促炎细胞因子，如 IL-6。CD14+/CD16+“促炎”单核细胞亚群更容易受到 HIV 的感染，可能在 HIV 相关 CAD 的发病机制中发挥关键作用。在这篇综述中，讨论了单核细胞/巨噬细胞在 HIV 相关 CAD 中的核心作用，以及炎症和胆固醇代谢的重要性。
