Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Mar;42(3):436-42. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ba8055.
To identify the prevalence, magnitude, and methods of rapid weight loss among judo competitors.
Athletes (607 males and 215 females; age = 19.3 T 5.3 yr, weight = 70 T 7.5 kg, height = 170.6 T 9.8 cm) completed a previously validated questionnaire developed to evaluate rapid weight loss in judo athletes, which provides a score. The higher the score obtained, the more aggressive the weight loss behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency analyses. Mean scores obtained in the questionnaire were used to compare specific groups of athletes using, when appropriate, Mann-Whitney U-test or general linear model one-way ANOVA followed by Tamhane post hoc test.
Eighty-six percent of athletes reported that have already lost weight to compete. When heavy weights are excluded, this percentage rises to 89%.Most athletes reported reductions of up to 5% of body weight (mean T SD: 2.5 T 2.3%). The most weight ever lost was 2%-5%,whereas a great part of athletes reported reductions of 5%-10% (mean T SD: 6 T 4%). The number of reductions underwent in a season was 3 T 5. The reductions usually occurred within 7 T 7 d. Athletes began cutting weight at 12.6 T 6.1 yr. No significant differences were found in the score obtained by male versus female athletes as well as by athletes from different weight classes. Elite athletes scored significantly higher in the questionnaire than non elite. Athletes who began cutting weight earlier also scored higher than those who began later.
Rapid weight loss is highly prevalent in judo competitors. The level of aggressiveness in weight management behaviors seems to not be influenced by the gender or by the weight class, but it seems to be influenced by competitive level and by the age at which athletes began cutting weight.
确定柔道运动员快速减重的流行率、幅度和方法。
运动员（男性 607 名，女性 215 名；年龄=19.3 T 5.3 岁，体重=70 T 7.5 公斤，身高=170.6 T 9.8 厘米）完成了一份先前验证的问卷，该问卷用于评估柔道运动员的快速减重，提供了一个分数。获得的分数越高，减重行为越激进。使用描述性统计和频率分析对数据进行分析。使用问卷获得的平均分数来比较特定组别的运动员，适当的时候使用曼-惠特尼 U 检验或一般线性模型单向方差分析，然后进行塔姆哈恩事后检验。
86%的运动员报告说已经为了比赛而减重。当排除大体重运动员后，这一比例上升至 89%。大多数运动员报告体重减轻了 5%以下（平均值 T 标准差：2.5 T 2.3%）。曾经减轻的体重最多为 2%-5%，而很大一部分运动员报告体重减轻了 5%-10%（平均值 T 标准差：6 T 4%）。一个赛季的减重次数为 3 T 5。减重通常在 7 T 7 天内进行。运动员从 12.6 T 6.1 岁开始减重。男性与女性运动员之间，以及不同体重级别的运动员之间，获得的分数没有显著差异。精英运动员在问卷中的得分明显高于非精英运动员。较早开始减重的运动员得分也高于较晚开始减重的运动员。
快速减重在柔道运动员中非常普遍。体重管理行为的激进程度似乎不受性别或体重级别影响，但似乎受竞技水平和运动员开始减重的年龄影响。
