Departement de biochimie et de microbiologie, Faculte des sciences et de genie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2010 Feb;7(2):94-102. doi: 10.1080/15459620903425642.
Hog production has been substantially intensified in Eastern Canada. Hogs are now fattened in swine confinement buildings with controlled ventilation systems and high animal densities. Newly designed buildings are equipped with conventional manure handling and management systems, shallow or deep litter systems, or source separation systems to manage the large volumes of waste. However, the impacts of those alternative production systems on bioaerosol concentrations within the barns have never been evaluated. Bioaerosols were characterized in 18 modern swine confinement buildings, and the differences in bioaerosol composition in the three different production systems were evaluated. Total dust, endotoxins, culturable actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteria were collected with various apparatuses. The total DNA of the air samples was extracted, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the total number of bacterial genomes, as a total (culturable and nonculturable) bacterial assessment. The measured total dust and endotoxin concentrations were not statistically different in the three studied production systems. In buildings with sawdust beds, actinomycetes and molds were found in higher concentrations than in the conventional barns. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Scopulariopsis species were identified in all the studied swine confinement buildings. A. flavus, A. terreus, and A. versicolor were abundantly present in the facilities with sawdust beds. Thermotolerant A. fumigatus and Mucor were usually found in all the buildings. The culturable bacteria concentrations were higher in the barns with litters than in the conventional buildings, while real-time PCR revealed nonstatistically different concentrations of total bacteria in all the studied swine confinement buildings. In terms of workers' respiratory health, barns equipped with a solid/liquid separation system may offer better air quality than conventional buildings or barns with sawdust beds. The impact of ventilation rates, air distribution, or building design still has to be explored.
在加拿大东部，生猪养殖得到了极大的强化。现在，猪在带有控制通风系统和高密度动物的封闭猪舍中育肥。新设计的建筑物配备了传统的粪便处理和管理系统、浅层或深层垫料系统或源头分离系统来处理大量废物。然而，这些替代生产系统对谷仓内生物气溶胶浓度的影响从未得到过评估。本研究对 18 个现代化的猪舍进行了生物气溶胶特征分析，并评估了这三种不同生产系统中生物气溶胶组成的差异。使用各种仪器收集总粉尘、内毒素、可培养放线菌、真菌和细菌。对空气样本的总 DNA 进行提取，并使用定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）评估细菌总基因组数量（可培养和不可培养）。在所研究的三种生产系统中，测量的总粉尘和内毒素浓度没有统计学差异。在铺有锯末的建筑物中，放线菌和霉菌的浓度高于传统谷仓。在所有研究的猪舍中都鉴定出了曲霉属、枝孢属、青霉属和帚霉属。黄曲霉、土曲霉和杂色曲霉在铺有锯末的设施中大量存在。耐热的烟曲霉和毛霉通常存在于所有建筑物中。垫料猪舍中的可培养细菌浓度高于传统猪舍，而实时 PCR 显示所有研究的猪舍中总细菌的浓度没有统计学差异。就工人的呼吸健康而言，配备固液分离系统的谷仓可能比传统谷仓或铺有锯末的谷仓提供更好的空气质量。通风率、空气分布或建筑物设计的影响仍有待探索。
