Anderson Benjamin D, Lednicky John A, Torremorell Montserrat, Gray Gregory C
Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health & Health Professions, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Jul 27;4:121. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00121. eCollection 2017.
Modern swine production facilities typically house dense populations of pigs and may harbor a variety of potentially zoonotic viruses that can pass from one pig generation to another and periodically infect human caretakers. Bioaerosol sampling is a common technique that has been used to conduct microbial risk assessments in swine production, and other similar settings, for a number of years. However, much of this work seems to have been focused on the detection of non-viral microbial agents (i.e., bacteria, fungi, endotoxins, etc.), and efforts to detect viral aerosols in pig farms seem sparse. Data generated by such studies would be particularly useful for assessments of virus transmission and ecology. Here, we summarize the results of a literature review conducted to identify published articles related to bioaerosol generation and detection within swine production facilities, with a focus on airborne viruses. We identified 73 scientific reports, published between 1991 and 2017, which were included in this review. Of these, 19 (26.7%) used sampling methodology for the detection of viruses. Our findings show that bioaerosol sampling methodologies in swine production settings have predominately focused on the detection of bacteria and fungi, with no apparent standardization between different approaches. Information, specifically regarding virus aerosol burden in swine production settings, appears to be limited. However, the number of viral aerosol studies has markedly increased in the past 5 years. With the advent of new sampling technologies and improved diagnostics, viral bioaerosol sampling could be a promising way to conduct non-invasive viral surveillance among swine farms.
现代养猪生产设施通常饲养着高密度的猪群，可能携带多种潜在的人畜共患病毒，这些病毒可以在猪群世代间传播，并定期感染人类饲养员。生物气溶胶采样是一项常用技术，多年来一直用于在养猪生产及其他类似环境中进行微生物风险评估。然而，这项工作大多似乎集中在检测非病毒微生物因子（即细菌、真菌、内毒素等），而在猪场检测病毒气溶胶的工作似乎很少。此类研究产生的数据对于评估病毒传播和生态尤其有用。在此，我们总结了一项文献综述的结果，该综述旨在识别与养猪生产设施内生物气溶胶产生和检测相关的已发表文章，重点是空气传播病毒。我们确定了1991年至2017年间发表的73份科学报告，并将其纳入本综述。其中，19份（26.7%）使用了检测病毒的采样方法。我们的研究结果表明，养猪生产环境中的生物气溶胶采样方法主要集中在检测细菌和真菌，不同方法之间没有明显的标准化。关于养猪生产环境中病毒气溶胶负荷的信息似乎有限。然而，在过去5年中，病毒气溶胶研究的数量显著增加。随着新采样技术的出现和诊断方法的改进，病毒生物气溶胶采样可能成为猪场进行非侵入性病毒监测的一种有前途的方法。
