Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Acc Chem Res. 2010 Mar 16;43(3):409-18. doi: 10.1021/ar900219n.
In the last 10 years, nanomaterials based on small organic molecules have attracted increasing attention. Such materials have unique optical and electronic properties, which could lead to new applications in nanoscale devices. Zero-dimensional (0D) organic nanoparticles with amorphous structures have been widely studied; however, the systematic investigation of crystalline one-dimensional (1D) organic nanostructures has only emerged in recent years. Researchers have used inorganic 1D nanomaterials, such as wires, tubes, and belts, as building blocks in optoelectronic nanodevices. We expect that their organic counterparts will also play an important role in this field. Because organic nanomaterials are composed of molecular units with weaker intermolecular interactions, they allow for higher structural tunability, reactivity, and processability. In addition, organic materials usually possess higher luminescence efficiency and can be grown on almost any solid substrate. In this Account, we describe recent progress in our group toward the construction of organic 1D nanomaterials and studies of their unique optical and electronic properties. First, we introduce the techniques for synthesizing 1D organic nanostructures. Because this strategy is both facile and reliable, liquid phase synthesis is most commonly used. More importantly, this method allows researchers to produce composite materials, including core/sheath and uniformly doped structures, which allow to investigate the interactions between different components in the nanomaterials, including fluorescent resonance energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer. Physical vapor deposition allows for the synthesis of organic 1D nanomaterials with high crystallinity. Nanomaterials produced with this method offer improved charge transport properties and better optoelectronic performance in areas including multicolor emission, tunable emission, optical waveguide, and lasing. Although inorganic nanomaterials have developed rapidly, our findings highlight the importance of organic compounds as components of novel 1D nanomaterials.
在过去的 10 年中，基于小分子的纳米材料引起了越来越多的关注。这些材料具有独特的光学和电子特性，这可能导致在纳米尺度器件中的新应用。具有非晶结构的零维（0D）有机纳米粒子已经得到了广泛的研究；然而，近年来才开始系统地研究结晶一维（1D）有机纳米结构。研究人员已经使用无机 1D 纳米材料，如线、管和带，作为光电纳米器件中的构建块。我们期望它们的有机对应物也将在这个领域发挥重要作用。由于有机纳米材料是由分子单元组成的，分子单元之间的相互作用较弱，因此它们允许更高的结构可调节性、反应性和可加工性。此外，有机材料通常具有更高的发光效率，并且可以在几乎任何固体衬底上生长。在本综述中，我们描述了我们小组在构建有机 1D 纳米材料方面的最新进展，并研究了它们独特的光学和电子性质。首先，我们介绍了合成 1D 有机纳米结构的技术。由于这种策略既简单又可靠，因此液相合成是最常用的。更重要的是，这种方法允许研究人员生产复合材料，包括核/壳和均匀掺杂结构，这允许研究纳米材料中不同成分之间的相互作用，包括荧光共振能量转移和光诱导电子转移。物理气相沉积允许合成具有高结晶度的有机 1D 纳米材料。用这种方法生产的纳米材料提供了改进的电荷输运性能和更好的光电性能，包括多色发射、可调发射、光波导和激光。尽管无机纳米材料发展迅速，但我们的发现强调了有机化合物作为新型 1D 纳米材料组成部分的重要性。
