Ketola Jarline
School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.
Nurs Forum. 2009 Oct-Dec;44(4):245-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6198.2009.00150.x.
In September 1999, the nursing alumni association of a large university on the West Coast launched a mentoring program for nursing undergraduate students: 120 students (50% of the student body) joined the program and 60 community nurses, representing a myriad of specialties, roles, and educational levels (diploma program to doctorate), agreed to volunteer their time as mentors. The program had been carefully planned using a survey done the previous year with 95% (296) of the student body asking their opinions on program components and design. A successful 9-month pilot study was then done with 13 students matched with 13 mentors. Yet, over the next 4 years, enrollment of the students dropped to less than 1/3 the original number. Care was taken to observe the changes in enthusiasm and to address problems with the entire group: mentors and students. After 5 years, the person chairing the program needed to leave-the transition with new leadership was never successful. Part of this resulted from problems in transition but the larger issue concerned the trend that had already been identified. The aim of this paper is to discuss the problems encountered during the program from a perspective of the context within which the program was developed and the history of mentoring in the profession of nursing. The present carries the inheritance of the past. Historically, nurses and women were not expected to need mentors-"trained nurses" did not need mentoring and women were expected to have temporary jobs which they left for marriage and mothering. The paper explores the historical question: Does the history of mentoring in nursing still influence nurses today, making it challenging to establish the relationships essential to the success of mentoring?
1999年9月，西海岸一所大型大学的护理校友协会为护理专业本科生启动了一项指导计划：120名学生（占学生总数的50%）加入了该计划，60名社区护士同意自愿担任导师，这些护士代表了众多专业、角色和教育水平（从文凭课程到博士学位）。该计划是在前一年对95%（296名）的学生进行调查，询问他们对计划组成部分和设计的意见后精心策划的。随后进行了一项为期9个月的成功试点研究，13名学生与13名导师配对。然而，在接下来的4年里，学生的入学人数降至不到原来的三分之一。人们留意观察热情的变化，并解决导师和学生整个群体存在的问题。5年后，主持该计划的人需要离开——新领导的过渡从未成功。部分原因是过渡过程中出现的问题，但更大的问题是已经发现的趋势。本文旨在从该计划开展的背景以及护理专业指导的历史角度，探讨该计划实施过程中遇到的问题。现在承载着过去的传承。从历史上看，护士和女性被认为不需要导师——“受过培训的护士”不需要指导，而且女性被期望从事临时工作，她们会为了结婚和生育而离职。本文探讨了一个历史问题：护理领域的指导历史是否至今仍影响着护士，使得建立对指导成功至关重要的关系具有挑战性？
