Kaplan R M, Storey B E, Vidyashankar A N, Bissinger B W, Mitchell S M, Howell S B, Mason M E, Lee M D, Pedroso A A, Akashe A, Skrypec D J
University of Georgia, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
University of Georgia, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Acta Trop. 2014 Nov;139:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.06.008. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
Ascaris lumbricoides is the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection of human beings worldwide. Chemotherapy with synthetic anthelmintics such as albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate is the current method of treatment; however, the emergence of anthelmintic resistance could substantially decrease the efficacy of such treatments and the sustainability of STH control programs. Additionally, benzimidazoles are not recommended for pregnant women or children under age one. A blinded, controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two microencapsulated, plant-based essential oil blends, TTN1013 (α-pinene, linalyl acetate, p-cymene, and thymol octanoate) and TTN1014 (α-pinene, linalyl acetate, p-cymene, and thymol acetate) as functional foods against Ascaris suum infection in pigs, an important pathogen that closely resembles human infections with A. lumbricoides. Four groups of 16 female, 21-24 day old, Yorkshire-cross pigs were treated daily with 0.5 or 1.0mg/kg TTN1013, 1.0mg/kg TTN1014, or 1.0mg/kg equivalent of empty capsules, delivered inside a cream-filled sandwich cookie for 14 weeks. Three days after the initiation of daily treatments, pigs were inoculated daily with A. suum eggs for four weeks. Pigs were weighed weekly and fecal egg counts (FEC) were conducted weekly starting five weeks after initial inoculation with A. suum eggs. Fourteen weeks after first infection with eggs, pigs were necropsied and worms were recovered, counted and separated according to sex. TTN1013 administered daily at a dose of 1.0mg/kg yielded a statistically significant reduction in total worm counts (76.8%), female worm counts (75.5%), FEC (68.6%), and worm volume (62.9%) when compared to control group. Reduction of total and female worm numbers and FEC were not significant for TTN1014 or at the 0.5mg/kg dose of TTN1013. All treatments were well-tolerated by all pigs and did not cause any adverse reactions. All pigs remained clinically normal and showed no signs of reduced intestinal health for the duration of treatment. Based on these results, TTN1013 shows promise as a daily supplement to reduce infection burdens of soil transmitted helminths in both pigs and human beings.
蛔虫是全球范围内人类最普遍的土壤传播蠕虫感染。使用阿苯达唑、甲苯达唑和噻嘧啶等合成驱虫药进行化疗是目前的治疗方法；然而，驱虫药耐药性的出现可能会大幅降低此类治疗的效果以及土壤传播蠕虫控制项目的可持续性。此外，不建议孕妇或1岁以下儿童使用苯并咪唑类药物。开展了一项双盲对照研究，以评估两种微囊化的植物源精油混合物TTN1013（α-蒎烯、乙酸芳樟酯、对伞花烃和辛酸百里香酚酯）和TTN1014（α-蒎烯、乙酸芳樟酯、对伞花烃和乙酸百里香酚酯）作为功能性食品对猪蛔虫感染的疗效，猪蛔虫是一种重要病原体，与人类蛔虫感染极为相似。将四组16头21 - 24日龄的雌性约克夏杂交猪，每天分别用0.5或1.0mg/kg的TTN1013、1.0mg/kg的TTN1014或1.0mg/kg相当于空胶囊的物质进行治疗，这些物质被置于夹有奶油的夹心饼干中，持续治疗14周。在开始每日治疗三天后，给猪每天接种猪蛔虫卵，持续四周。每周对猪进行称重，并在首次接种猪蛔虫卵五周后开始每周进行粪便虫卵计数（FEC）。在首次感染虫卵14周后，对猪进行剖检，回收蠕虫，计数并按性别分类。与对照组相比，每天以1.0mg/kg剂量施用TTN1013使蠕虫总数（76.8%）、雌虫数（75.5%）、FEC（68.6%）和蠕虫体积（62.9%）在统计学上显著减少。对于TTN1014或0.5mg/kg剂量的TTN1013，蠕虫总数和雌虫数以及FEC的减少并不显著。所有猪对所有治疗耐受性良好，未引起任何不良反应。在治疗期间，所有猪临床状态正常，未表现出肠道健康受损的迹象。基于这些结果，TTN1013有望作为日常补充剂，减少猪和人类土壤传播蠕虫的感染负担。
