Skin Cancer Unit, INSERM, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes Cedex, France.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 2010 Jan;19(1):48-54. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328333d113.
The objective of this study was to create a self-administrated questionnaire for people to enable them to assess their own melanoma risk factors. To test the validity of this questionnaire in a large prospective study, the answers given by the patient were systematically checked by his or her general practitioner. In this prospective study, the choice of questions was based on a review of the literature. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by testing 1500 consecutive patients attending a consultation with their general practitioner. Considerable variations concerning the prevalence of different melanoma risk factors were noticed in the population: 44.1% had a phototype I or II, 41% had severe sunburn during infancy, 29.9% had freckling tendency, 22% had more than 50 naevi and 1.4% a personal history of melanoma. In total, 45% had more than one melanoma risk factor. The accuracy of the answers given by the patients was assured by the correction given by their general practitioners. The percentage of correct answers given by the patients was 79.9% for the phototype, 90.6% for freckling tendency, 86.6% for the number of naevi, 96.5% for severe sunburn during infancy and 98.1 and 95.8% for personal and familial history of melanoma. This study confirms that individuals with multiple risk factors for melanoma are common among patients consulting their general practitioners. Furthermore, self-screening with the self-assessment questionnaire is easily feasible and is accurate for identifying high-risk individuals. This tool might be useful for carrying out melanoma-targeted screening.
本研究旨在创建一个供人们自我评估黑色素瘤危险因素的自我管理问卷。为了在一项大型前瞻性研究中检验该问卷的有效性，患者的回答由其全科医生系统检查。在这项前瞻性研究中，问题的选择基于文献回顾。通过对 1500 名连续就诊的患者进行测试，评估了问卷的有效性。人群中不同黑色素瘤危险因素的患病率存在明显差异：44.1%的人有 I 或 II 型光型，41%的人在婴儿期有严重晒伤，29.9%的人有雀斑倾向，22%的人有超过 50 个痣，1.4%的人有个人黑色素瘤病史。总的来说，45%的人有不止一个黑色素瘤危险因素。患者回答的准确性由其全科医生的纠正来保证。患者的回答正确率为：光型 79.9%，雀斑倾向 90.6%，痣的数量 86.6%，婴儿期严重晒伤 96.5%，个人和家族黑色素瘤病史 98.1%和 95.8%。这项研究证实，在咨询全科医生的患者中，有多种黑色素瘤危险因素的个体很常见。此外，自我评估问卷的自我筛查对于识别高风险个体来说是简单可行且准确的。这种工具可能有助于进行黑色素瘤靶向筛查。
