WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstrasse 1, D-73087 Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany.
Phytochem Anal. 2010 May-Jun;21(3):234-45. doi: 10.1002/pca.1190.
Dog's mercury (Mercurialis perennis L.) is a perennial herb used in remedies for medicinal purposes. The plant is supposed to contain potentially active substances but its constituents have only been rarely studied.
Detailed studies on the phytochemical composition are of great interest to broaden the knowledge on the chemotaxonomy and pharmacognosy of M. perennis.
Chloroform and hexane extracts from roots and aerial parts were investigated using GC/MS and LC/MS.
The whole plant exhihited a broad spectrum of structurally diverse constituents, mainly alkaloids, terpenes, sterols and simple aromatic compounds. Closer inspection of the piperidine alkaloid hermidin revealed its inherent instability towards air oxygen. To obtain quantitative data on these alkaloids the synthesis of the more stable reference compound 4-methoxy-1-methylpyridine-2,6(1H,3H)-dione (MMPD) was required. In this study, MMPD was detected for the first time as a genuine compound in Mercurialis. Hermidine quinone and hermidin dimers originating from hermidin via a free anionic radical reaction were also confirmed by GC/MS. Moreover, volatile compounds such as benzylalcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 4-methoxy- and 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, (-)-cis- and (+)-trans-myrtanol, (-)-cis-myrtanal as well as squalene were predominantely present in Mercurialis roots. In contrast, aerial parts mainly contained phytol derivatives, sterols and tocopherols. By changing solvent polarity, lipid and wax-containing fractions were obtained. LC/MS-studies on hexane extracts showed the presence of several mixed triglycerides constituted by linolenic, linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids, as well as lutein, carotenes and pheophytins.
The phytochemical data presented complement our knowledge on the rarely studied plant M. perennis and may broaden its use in future phytotherapy.
狗的水银（毛蕊花属多年生草本植物）是一种多年生草本植物，用于药用。该植物被认为含有潜在的活性物质，但对其成分的研究很少。
对植物化学成分的详细研究对于拓宽毛蕊花属植物的化学分类学和生药学知识具有重要意义。
使用 GC/MS 和 LC/MS 研究了根和地上部分的氯仿和己烷提取物。
整个植物表现出广泛的结构多样的成分，主要是生物碱、萜类、甾醇和简单芳香化合物。对哌啶生物碱 hermidin 的更仔细检查表明其对空气氧具有固有不稳定性。为了获得这些生物碱的定量数据，需要合成更稳定的参考化合物 4-甲氧基-1-甲基吡啶-2,6(1H,3H)-二酮（MMPD）。在这项研究中，MMPD 首次被检测为 Mercurialis 中的一种真正化合物。通过 GC/MS 还证实了来自 hermidin 的 hermidin 醌和 hermidin 二聚体通过游离阴离子自由基反应。此外，挥发性化合物如苯甲醇、2-苯乙醇、4-甲氧基-和 3,4-二甲氧基苯酚、(-)-顺式和(+)-反式 myrtanol、(-)-顺式 myrtainal 以及角鲨烯主要存在于 Mercurialis 根中。相比之下，地上部分主要含有植醇衍生物、甾醇和生育酚。通过改变溶剂极性，可以获得含脂和蜡的馏分。对己烷提取物的 LC/MS 研究表明，存在几种由亚麻酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸以及叶黄素、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素组成的混合三酸甘油酯。
所提供的植物化学数据补充了我们对研究较少的植物毛蕊花属的知识，并可能拓宽其在未来植物疗法中的应用。
