Department of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Mar;411(5-6):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.028. Epub 2009 Dec 1.
Papillary thyroid cancer is unusual among epithelial malignancies in that it is associated with a number of chromosomal rearrangements. The most common of these is the Ret oncogene, normally silent in the follicular cell, but which has been shown to be rearranged to the promoter region of a variety of different genes, all of which are constituently expressed in the thyroid follicular cell. It has been suggested that chromosomes in the thyroid cell are arranged within the nucleus in such a way as to predispose the cell to inappropriate fusion in the advent of DNA double-strand breakage. The presence of tumour specific fusion genes, and their transcribed proteins, presents a possible therapeutic target for thyroid cancer, but the relative contribution of the gene rearrangement in the growth and development of the tumour will need careful evaluation before clinical studies could take place.
甲状腺乳头状癌在许多上皮恶性肿瘤中较为特殊，因为它与多种染色体重排有关。其中最常见的是 Ret 癌基因，在滤泡细胞中通常处于沉默状态，但已被证明被重排到各种不同基因的启动子区域，这些基因在甲状腺滤泡细胞中均持续表达。有人认为，甲状腺细胞内的染色体在细胞核内排列的方式会使细胞在 DNA 双链断裂时易于发生不当融合。肿瘤特异性融合基因及其转录蛋白为甲状腺癌的治疗提供了一个可能的靶点，但在进行临床研究之前，需要仔细评估基因重排在肿瘤生长和发展中的相对贡献。
