Karrasch T, Jobin C
Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany.
Z Gastroenterol. 2009 Dec;47(12):1221-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109766. Epub 2009 Dec 3.
The gastrointestinal epithelium functions as an important physical barrier that separates the rich, diverse, and potentially immunogenic luminal content from the underlying mucosal immune system. In pathological situations such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischemic/hypoxic episodes and bacterial infection, insults to the intestinal epithelium threaten the integrity of the mucosal barrier and represent a huge challenge for the host. During episodes of epithelial injury and barrier breakdown, the host initiates a rapid wound healing response aimed at resealing the gap region and reestablishing homeostasis. This response named "restitution" involves migration of epithelial cells toward the injured regions, as well as epithelial cell proliferation until the gap is closed and the barrier function is reestablished. These biological processes are influenced by a variety of factors derived from the gastrointestinal microenvironment, including host epithelial and lamina propria cells, as well as the microbiota, and the dietary and non-dietary components present in the gastrointestinal lumen. In this manuscript, we will review both host signaling events and luminal factors that influence the wound healing response and have an impact on host homeostasis.
胃肠道上皮作为一道重要的物理屏障，将丰富多样且可能具有免疫原性的肠腔内容物与下方的黏膜免疫系统分隔开来。在诸如炎症性肠病、缺血/缺氧发作及细菌感染等病理情况下，肠道上皮受到的损伤会威胁黏膜屏障的完整性，对宿主构成巨大挑战。在上皮损伤和屏障破坏期间，宿主会启动快速的伤口愈合反应，旨在重新封闭缺口区域并重建内环境稳态。这种名为“修复”的反应涉及上皮细胞向损伤区域迁移，以及上皮细胞增殖，直至缺口闭合且屏障功能得以重建。这些生物学过程受源自胃肠道微环境的多种因素影响，包括宿主上皮细胞和固有层细胞、微生物群，以及胃肠道腔内存在的饮食和非饮食成分。在本手稿中，我们将综述影响伤口愈合反应并对宿主内环境稳态产生影响的宿主信号事件和肠腔因素。
