The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement Studies, QLD 4072, Australia.
Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Apr;36(2):185-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.11.003. Epub 2009 Dec 4.
Cancer is increasingly being viewed as a chronic illness requiring long-term management, and there is a growing need for evidence-based rehabilitation interventions for cancer survivors. Previous reviews have evaluated the benefits of exercise interventions for patients undergoing cancer treatment and long-term survivors, but none have investigated the role of exercise during cancer rehabilitation, the period immediately following cancer treatment completion. This systematic review summarises the literature on the health effects of exercise during cancer rehabilitation and evaluates the methodological rigour of studies in this area to date.
Relevant studies were identified through a systematic search of PubMed and Embase to April 2009. Data on study design, recruitment strategy, participants, exercise intervention, adherence rates, and outcomes were extracted. Methodological rigour was assessed using a structured rating system.
Ten studies were included. Breast cancer patients were the predominate patient group represented. Most interventions were aerobic or resistance-training exercise programmes, and exercise type, frequency, duration and intensity varied across studies. Improvements in physical functioning, strength, physical activity levels, quality of life, fatigue, immune function, haemoglobin concentrations, potential markers of recurrence, and body composition were reported. However, all studies were limited by incomplete reporting and methodological limitations.
Although the methodological limitations of studies in this new field must be acknowledged, initial evidence indicates that exercise is feasible and may provide physiological and psychological benefits for cancer survivors during the rehabilitation period. Future studies with rigorous study designs are now required to advance the field.
癌症正逐渐被视为一种需要长期管理的慢性病，因此对于癌症幸存者而言，需要有更多基于证据的康复干预措施。此前的综述评估了运动干预对癌症治疗患者和长期幸存者的益处，但没有研究调查癌症康复期间（即癌症治疗完成后立即进行的时期）运动的作用。本系统综述总结了癌症康复期间运动对健康影响的文献，并评估了该领域迄今为止的研究方法的严谨性。
通过对 PubMed 和 Embase 进行系统检索，于 2009 年 4 月前确定了相关研究。提取了研究设计、招募策略、参与者、运动干预、依从率和结果等数据。使用结构化评分系统评估方法学严谨性。
纳入了 10 项研究。研究对象主要为乳腺癌患者。大多数干预措施为有氧或抗阻运动方案，运动类型、频率、持续时间和强度在不同研究中存在差异。报告显示，身体机能、力量、身体活动水平、生活质量、疲劳、免疫功能、血红蛋白浓度、复发的潜在标志物和身体成分等方面均有改善。然而，所有研究都存在报告不完整和方法学局限性的问题。
尽管该新领域研究的方法学局限性必须得到承认，但初步证据表明，在康复期间，运动对癌症幸存者是可行的，并可能带来生理和心理益处。现在需要进行更严格设计的研究来推动该领域的发展。
