ZMBP Plant Biochemistry, University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Eur J Cell Biol. 2010 Feb-Mar;89(2-3):194-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.011. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
The term "nonhost resistance" (NHR) describes the phenomenon that an entire plant species is resistant to all genetic variants of a non-adapted pathogen species. In nature, NHR represents the most robust form of plant immunity and is therefore of scientific as well as economic importance. Due to its highly complex nature, NHR has previously not been studied in detail. Recently, the establishment of model interaction systems utilizing Arabidopsis and non-adapted powdery mildews allowed the identification of several key components and conceptual conclusions. It is now generally accepted that NHR of Arabidopsis to powdery mildews comprises two distinct layers of defence: pre-invasion entry control at the cell periphery and post-invasion resistance based on cell death execution. The timely production and localised discharge of toxic compounds at sites of fungal attack appear to be pivotal for entry control. This process requires proteins involved in secretion and trans-membrane transport, synthesis and activation of indolic glucosinolates as well as gene regulation and post-translational protein modification. Post-invasion defence relies on lipase-like proteins and salicylic acid signalling. To what extent pathogen-associated molecular pattern- or effector-triggered immunity contribute to NHR remains to be investigated and is likely to depend on the model system studied.
“非寄主抗性”（NHR）一词描述了整个植物物种对所有非适应病原体物种遗传变体均具有抗性的现象。在自然界中，NHR 代表了植物免疫的最强大形式，因此具有科学和经济意义。由于其高度复杂的性质，NHR 以前并未得到详细研究。最近，利用拟南芥和非适应白粉菌建立模型相互作用系统，鉴定出了几个关键成分和概念性结论。现在普遍认为，拟南芥对白粉菌的 NHR 包括两层防御：细胞外围的入侵前进入控制和基于细胞死亡执行的入侵后抗性。在真菌攻击部位及时产生和局部释放有毒化合物似乎对进入控制至关重要。这一过程需要涉及分泌和跨膜运输、吲哚葡萄糖苷合成和激活以及基因调控和翻译后蛋白修饰的蛋白质。入侵后防御依赖于脂肪酶样蛋白和水杨酸信号转导。病原体相关分子模式或效应物触发的免疫在多大程度上有助于 NHR 仍有待研究，并且可能取决于所研究的模型系统。
