Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Nutrition. 2010 Jul-Aug;26(7-8):791-8. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.07.011. Epub 2009 Dec 5.
There is much evidence of a cross-sectional relation between socioeconomic position and dietary intakes but the trend of this relation is little studied. This study aimed to examine the extent and trend of nutritional inequality by educational level based on the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes.
Three cross-sectional nationwide surveys (1998, 2001, 2005) of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A total of 20 777 participants > or = 20 y old were included. The socioeconomic position indicator was educational level. Dietary nutrient intakes were assessed by a 24-h recall and inadequacy of intake for nutrients was assessed on the basis of the percentage of attainment of the dietary reference intakes for Koreans. To assess nutritional inequality by educational level, the prevalence ratio, relative index of inequality, and slope index of inequality were used.
Poorer dietary intakes and higher estimated prevalence of nutrient inadequacy were more apparent in the lower education group than the higher education group for both genders and each survey year. Graded patterns of inequalities in nutrient intakes by educational level were generally clear at each survey year. The trend of the relative nutritional inequalities in Korean men and women remained unchanged from 1998 to 2005, with some exceptions.
The inequality in nutrient intakes by educational level was persistently apparent for both genders in the Korean adult population, although the relative inequalities did not increase over time.
有大量证据表明社会经济地位与饮食摄入之间存在横断面关系，但这种关系的趋势研究较少。本研究旨在根据营养素摄入不足的流行率，基于教育水平，检验营养不平等的程度和趋势。
本研究使用了三次全国性的横断面韩国国家健康和营养检查调查（1998 年、2001 年和 2005 年），共纳入 20777 名年龄≥20 岁的参与者。社会经济地位指标为教育水平。通过 24 小时回顾法评估膳食营养素摄入量，根据韩国人膳食参考摄入量的达标率评估营养素摄入不足的情况。为评估教育水平的营养不平等，使用了患病比值比、相对不平等指数和不平等斜率指数。
对于男性和女性以及每个调查年份，较差的膳食摄入和更高的营养素不足估计患病率在较低教育组中比在较高教育组中更为明显。各调查年份，营养摄入的教育水平分级差异模式均较为明显。韩国男性和女性的相对营养不平等趋势从 1998 年到 2005 年基本保持不变，仅存在一些例外。
在韩国成年人群中，无论性别如何，营养摄入的教育水平不平等一直很明显，尽管相对不平等程度没有随时间增加。
