Araujo Marina Campos, Verly Junior Eliseu, Junger Washington Leite, Sichieri Rosely
Social Medicine Institute,Department of Epidemiology,State University of Rio de Janeiro,Rua São Francisco Xavier 524,7° andar,sala E7002,Maracanã 20550-900,Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil.
Public Health Nutr. 2014 Dec;17(12):2740-52. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013003005. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
To verify associations of income and education with nutrient intakes in Brazilian adults.
Data from the population-based National Dietary Survey conducted in 2008-2009. Family per capita income and education levels were categorized into quartiles. Prevalences of inadequate nutrient intakes and excessive intakes of saturated fat and Na were calculated by using the method prescribed by the National Cancer Institute. The Estimated Average Requirement was used as a reference for micronutrient intake. Linear regression models for both the independent and the mutually adjusted associations of education and income with nutrient intakes were tested. Interaction between education and income was tested.
Households (n 13 569) selected using a two-stage cluster sampling design.
Food records for two non-consecutive days were obtained for 21 003 Brazilian adults (aged 20-59 years).
For most of eleven nutrients, the prevalence of inadequate intake declined with increasing income and education levels; however, it remained high across all income and education quartiles. Excessive intake of saturated fat and low fibre intake increased with both variables. Most nutrients were independently associated with income and education in both sexes. Fe, vitamin B12 and Na intakes among women were associated only with education. There was an interaction between income and education for Na intake in men, P intake in women and Ca intake in both sexes.
Education is one important step to improve nutrient intakes in Brazil. Emphasis should be laid on enhancing dietary knowledge and formulating economic strategies that would allow lower-income individuals to adopt a healthy diet.
验证巴西成年人的收入和教育程度与营养素摄入量之间的关联。
数据来自于2008 - 2009年开展的基于人群的全国饮食调查。家庭人均收入和教育水平被分为四分位数。采用美国国立癌症研究所规定的方法计算营养素摄入不足以及饱和脂肪和钠摄入过量的患病率。估计平均需求量被用作微量营养素摄入的参考标准。对教育程度和收入与营养素摄入量的独立关联和相互调整关联的线性回归模型进行了检验。对教育程度和收入之间的相互作用进行了检验。
采用两阶段整群抽样设计选取了13569户家庭。
获取了21003名巴西成年人（年龄在20 - 59岁之间）连续两天的食物记录。
对于11种营养素中的大多数，摄入不足的患病率随着收入和教育水平的提高而下降；然而，在所有收入和教育四分位数中，该患病率仍然很高。饱和脂肪摄入过量和膳食纤维摄入不足随着这两个变量的增加而增加。大多数营养素在男女中均与收入和教育程度独立相关。女性的铁、维生素B12和钠摄入量仅与教育程度有关。男性的钠摄入量、女性的磷摄入量以及男女两性的钙摄入量在收入和教育程度之间存在相互作用。
在巴西，教育是改善营养素摄入量的重要一步。应着重加强饮食知识并制定经济策略，使低收入人群能够采用健康的饮食方式。
